Review Test 1 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the important factors to consider regarding fractures?
Factors include:
* Bone location
* Open or closed fracture
* Location of the fracture on the bone (midshaft or articular)
* Type of fracture
* Reducible or nonreducible
What is the purpose of an Ehmer sling?
Prevents weight bearing and maintains the head of the femur in the acetabulum
What does a 90-90 flexion sling prevent?
Prevents weight bearing and quadriceps contraction after complicated femur repairs
What is a Velpeau sling used for?
Holds flexed foreleg against chest, prevents movement in all joints, and prevents weight bearing
What is the purpose of a carpal flexion sling?
Non-weight bearing and protects repairs of the accessory carpal bone or flexor tendon
What do hobbles prevent?
Excessive abduction of limbs, particularly post hip luxation or post-operative pelvic fracture
What is a closed fracture?
A fracture where the skin around the fractured bone remains intact
What is an open fracture?
A fracture where the fractured bone has punctured through the skin, classified as grades I-III
Describe Grade I open fracture.
Small puncture hole in the skin, minimal soft tissue damage
Describe Grade II open fracture.
Large puncture or tear in the skin, evident soft tissue damage and external trauma
Describe Grade III open fracture.
Large tears, possible loss of skin, severe bone fragmentation, bone exposed
What should be observed in bandage/cast aftercare?
Foul odor, chafing and pressure necrosis, no chewing the bandage, restricted exercise
What indicates the need for bandage changes?
Visible strike-through, during wound care, and when the stage of wound healing changes
What are the phases of the physiological processes of healing?
Phases include:
* Reactive phase (inflammatory response)
* Repair phase
* Remodeling phase
What occurs during the reactive phase of healing?
Inflammatory response, blood vessels constrict, blood forms a clot, and granulation tissue develops
What happens during the repair phase of healing?
Cells transform, chondroblasts create cartilage, osteoblasts create bone, forming a fracture callus
What characterizes the remodeling phase of healing?
Osteoclasts undo fracture callus, osteoblasts replace with compact bone, regaining size and strength
What are articular fractures also known as?
Physeal fractures
What is the significance of articular fractures in growing animals?
They can be detrimental to bone development and may result in angular limb deformities
What is a wet-to-dry bandage used for?
Nonselective debridement during inflammatory phases of heavily contaminated wounds
What complications can arise from open fractures?
Skin necrosis, infection, bone death, vascular damage, and hemorrhage
What types of fractures are considered life threatening?
Skull/vertebrae fractures and/or large amounts of blood loss
What is the purpose of Robert Jones bandages?
Supply rigid stabilization and compression
What does a modified Robert Jones bandage do?
Used to reduce postoperative swelling of limbs
