Reviewer For 100 Questions Flashcards
(210 cards)
1
Q
Who is considered the “Father of Modern Taxonomy”?
A
Carl Linnaeus
2
Q
What does “binomial nomenclature” refer to?
A
A two-part naming system for organisms
3
Q
In the scientific name Homo sapiens, which word represents the genus?
A
Homo
4
Q
Eubacteria are also known as:
A
True bacteria
5
Q
Which domain contains organisms with a true nucleus?
A
Eukarya
6
Q
Which kingdom is NOT included within the Eukarya domain?
a) Protista b) Fungi c) Plantae d) Archaea
A
Archea
7
Q
What type of cell is characteristic of Kingdom Monera?
A
Prokaryotic
8
Q
Cyanobacteria are known for their ability to:
A
Photosynthesize
9
Q
Which bacterial shape is described as rod-shaped?
A
Bacilli/Bacillus
10
Q
A chain of spherical bacteria is called:
A
Streptococcus
11
Q
Organisms that are often described as “animal-like”?
A
Protozoa
12
Q
Paramecium are characterized by the presence of:
A
Cilia
13
Q
Pasteurization is a process primarily used to:
A
Sterilized equipment
14
Q
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Kingdom Fungi?
a) Heterotrophic nutrition b) Cell walls made of chitin c) Photosynthesis d) Spore production
A
Photosynthesis
15
Q
Which kingdom includes multicellular organisms that perform photosynthesis?
A
Plantae
16
Q
The scientific name for the common house cat is Felis catus. What is the species name?
A
catus
17
Q
What is the primary difference between archaebacteria and eubacteria at the cellular level?
A
Cell wall composition
18
Q
What is a nucleoid?
A
A region in prokaryotic cells where DNA is located
19
Q
What process do bacteria use for asexual reproduction?
A
Binary fission
20
Q
All bacteria are harmful. (True/False)
A
False
21
Q
Archaea can only survive in extreme environments. (True/False)
A
True
22
Q
Eukarya are always multicellular. (True/False)
A
False
23
Q
All protists are unicellular. (True/False)
A
False
24
Q
Fungi are autotrophs. (True/False)
A
False instead they are heterotrophs
25
Plants are heterotrophs. (True/False)
False
26
Animals are eukaryotes. (True/False)
True
27
Binomial nomenclature uses three names to identify organisms. (True/False)
True
28
The genus name is always written first in a scientific name. (True/False)
True
29
All bacteria have the same shape. (True/False)
False
30
Define taxonomy.
the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms and includes all plants, animals and microorganisms of the world.
31
Explain the difference between a genus and a species.
A genus is a group of animals that are very similar and most likely have a common ancestor. In contrast, a species is just one type of animal. For example, zebras are in the genus called Equus.
32
List three domains of life
The three domains of life are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
33
Give an example of an archaebacterium and its habitat.
Examples of Archaea
These extremophiles are found in anaerobic habitats or places without oxygen. They can be found in your intestines as well as the guts of cows. They can also be found in swamps. They consume gases, like hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and release methane as a byproduct.
34
Name three beneficial uses of eubacteria.
- for medical purposes
- food
35
Describe the characteristics of eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.
36
What is a pseudopod?
A temporary arm-like projection of a eukaryotic cell membrane that emerges in the direction of movement. Filled with cytoplasm, pseudopodia primarily consists of actin filaments and may also contain microtubules and intermediate filaments.
37
A protective outer layer that helps the bacteria evade the host's immune system and adhere to surfaces.
Capsule
38
A rigid layer that provides structural support and shape to the cell.
Cell wall
39
that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Plasma membrane (cytoplasmic membrane)
40
The jelly-like substance filling the cell, containing the cell's components.
Cytoplasm
41
A fluid inside the cytoplasm
Cytosol
42
The region where the bacterial DNA is located. Unlike eukaryotic cells, it's not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus.
Nucleoid (DNA)
43
Small, circular DNA molecules separate from the main bacterial chromosome. They often carry genes for antibiotic resistance or other advantageous traits.
Plasmid
44
Structures responsible for protein synthesis.
Ribosome
45
Infoldings of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area for metabolic processes.
Mesosome
46
A long, whip-like appendage used for movement.
Flagellum/flagella
47
Hair-like appendages involved in attachment to surfaces or other bacteria (for conjugation, a type of genetic exchange).
Pilus/Pili
48
The control center of the cell, containing the cell's DNA (genetic material). Think of it as the cell's brain.
Nucleus (DNA)
49
A structure inside the nucleus that helps make ribosomes.
Nucleolus
50
The material that makes up chromosomes, which are made of DNA and proteins.
Chromatin
51
A network of membranes studded with ribosomes. It's involved in protein synthesis and transport.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
52
A network of membranes without ribosomes. It's involved in lipid (fat) synthesis and other metabolic processes.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
53
Tiny structures that make proteins. They're found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the RER
Ribosomes
54
Processes and packages proteins and lipids for transport within or out of the cell. Think of it as the cell's post office.
Golgi apparatus (Golgi body)
55
The powerhouses of the cell, generating energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
Mitochondria
56
Contains enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris. Think of it as the cell's recycling center.
Lysosome
57
Involved in cell division.
Centrioles
58
Hair-like structures on the cell surface that help with movement or sensing.
Cilia
59
Tiny finger-like projections on the cell surface that increase surface area for absorption.
Microvilli
60
Located just inside the cell wall, this is a thin, flexible layer that controls what enters and exits the cell. It's like a gatekeeper.
Cell membrane
61
The membrane surrounding the nucleus.
Nuclear envelope
62
The fluid inside the nucleus.
Nucleoplasm
63
A network of membranes involved in making and transporting proteins and other molecules.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
64
A large, fluid-filled sac that stores water, nutrients, and waste products. It helps maintain the plant cell's shape and turgor pressure (firmness).
Vacuole
65
Contains chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is how plants make their food.
Chloroplast
66
Tiny channels that connect adjacent plant cells, allowing for communication and transport of substances between them.
Plasmodesmata
67
Small sacs that transport materials within the cell.
Vesicle
68
Organelles are involved in various metabolic processes, including breaking down fatty acids.
Peroxisome
69
A network of protein filaments that provides structural support and helps with cell movement.
Cytoskeleton
70
What are the three living things?
Animals, plants and microorganisms
71
He is known as a philosopher and the father of biology, he discovered botany that led to plants. Who is he?
Aristotle
72
He is known as the father of modern biology, his theory "The evolution of humans". Who is he?
Charles Darwin
73
He is known as the father of modern biology, his theory "The evolution of humans". Who is he?
Charles Darwin
74
The two individuals who coined the term "Biology" made a significant impact on our understanding of life.
Gottfried Reinhold treviranus and Jean Baptiste Lamarck
75
What are the four scientific methods for the investigator process?
1. Observation (thought experimentation)
2. Hypothesis (educated guess)
3. Experimentation
4. Analysis or conclusion
76
What material is used in the scientific method?
Tool
77
What are the 15 organizations of life
1. Atom
2. Molecule
3. Macromolecule
4. Organelle
5. Cell
6. Tissue
7. organ
8. Organ system
9. Organism
10. Individual
11. Population
12. Community
13. Ecosystem
14. Biome
15. Biosphere
78
This is the basic unit of matter and the smallest particle on the earth 🌎.
Atom
79
What is a molecule?
A group of atoms bounded together
80
A large molecule, such as protein carbohydrates, nucleic acid, fats, and lipids.
Macromolecule
81
Also known as a small organ, specialized structure within a cell.
Organelle
82
The basic unit of life
Cell
83
A group of similar cells working together. The purpose of tissue is to repair our body, and that is the reason for having hair.
Tissue
84
A group of tissues working together or performing a specific function.
Organ
85
A group of organs working together to perform a specific function.
Organ system
86
A living individual
Organism
87
Is any organism such as animals and humans
Individual
88
A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area
Population
89
A group of populations living in the same area which is a different species.
Community
90
A community of living organisms interacting with their non-living environment.
Ecosystem
91
Major ecological communities such as a forest or desert are major ecological communities.
Biome
92
It is also known as the bubble of life, this is the part of earth where life exists.
Biosphere
93
What are the eight fundamental characteristics of life, it's called the acronym called "Mrs. Gren." Distinguish
-> Movement
-> Reproduction
-> Sensitivity
-> Growth
-> Respiration
-> Excretion
-> Nutrition
94
This is a part of the fundamental characteristics of life, it is capable of moving to another place.
Movement
95
This is a part of the fundamental characteristics of life, it is capable of reproducing.
Reproduction
96
This is a part of the fundamental characteristics of life, it is capable of reacting to the environment.
Sensitivity
97
This is a part of the fundamental characteristics of life, its increasing sizes, living organisms grow and develop overtime.
Growth
98
What are the two types of movement that can move the individual or organism
Non-motile and motile
99
What are the three types of growth?
Intuscusception, organogenesis, and accretion
100
This is the type of growth, growth of cells
Intuscusception
101
This is the type of growth, growth of organs
Organogenesis
102
This is the type of growth, growth of non-living things
Accretion
103
It refers to the breathing of living things such as inhaled and exhaled
Respiration
104
The disposal of a waste of living things
Excretion
105
The nutrients of living things that benefit in body benefits
Nutrition
106
This is the sum of the energy
Metabolism
107
Is a break foods or due to process consuming to provide energy.
Catabolism
108
Is to absorb the food to produce energy.
Anabolism
109
The energy inside the body is called, what?
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
110
The body of any organism reacting or responds to things, makes it sensitive
Tropism
111
Movement or growth towards a stimulus
Positive tropism
112
Movement or growth away from a stimulus
Negative tropism
113
The growth response to light
Phototropism
114
The growth response to gravity
Geotropism
115
The growth response to water
Hydrotropism
116
Growth response to touch
Thigmotropism
117
Growth response to chemicals
Chemotropism
118
If the growth is physical changes such as size or weight, what is the development?
The process before growth
119
Male and female to produce new organisms called offspring in reproduction.
Sexual reproduction
120
One parent that produces another organism like bacteria.
Asexual reproduction
121
What are the types of asexual reproduction
1. Binary fission
2. Budding
3. Fragmentation
4. Vegetative propagation
5. Sporogenesis
122
This is the general term for the fusion of two gametes, regardless of their size or form. It's the core process of sexual reproduction.
Syngamy/ fertilization
123
This is a type of syngamy where the fusing gametes are identical in size and appearance. Both gametes are motile and contribute equally to the zygote (fertilized egg). This is common in some algae and fungi.
Isogamy
124
In this type of syngamy, the two gametes are different in size and form. The larger, non-motile gamete is called the egg cell or ovum, while the smaller, motile gamete is called the sperm. This is the most common type of sexual reproduction in animals and plants.
Oogamy
125
This term is broader than oogamy and refers to any syngamy where the fusing gametes are different. This includes oogamy, but also other types where the gametes may differ in size or morphology but are both motile.
Heterogamy
126
The identity of organisms or called as blueprint.
Coded with genes
127
What is the double strand, this is called as a blueprint for life, containing the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. Ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic instructions. (Complete transcript)
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
128
What is the single strand, transcript
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
129
are like instruction manuals for your body. They tell your cells how to build and run everything, from your hair color to your height. You get half of your genes from your mom and half from your dad.
Genes
130
Are special genes that determine if you're a boy or a girl. There are two types: X and Y. Girls have two X chromosomes (XX), while boys have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).
Sex chromosomes
131
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have
23 pairs
132
How many pairs of autosomes does a human have
22 pairs
133
How many total offspring have
46 chromosomes
134
This is like the middle part of the necklace where the string is thicker and stronger. It holds the two halves of the necklace (your chromosomes) together. When cells divide, the centromere helps make sure each new cell gets a complete set of genes.
Centromere
135
These are like the caps on the ends of the necklace that protect the string from fraying. They keep your genes safe and prevent them from getting damaged. As you get older, your telomeres get shorter, which is like the caps wearing down.
Telomere
136
It refers to any change in anything over time.
Evolution
137
The process of adjusting something to better match its environment or a situation
Adaptation
138
Who discovered the archaebacteria?
Carl woose
139
What archaebacteria is used for breathing?
Methane gas
140
Archaebacteria also called as?
Extremophiles
141
This is one of the different types of bacteria, it look likes a grape 🍇 formation
Staphylococcus
142
This is one of the different types of bacteria, it looks like a kidney structure
Vibrio
143
This is one of the different types of bacteria, it looks like a spiral structure or springs
Spirillum
144
This kingdom is also called aquatic organisms because they live specifically in moist places or in aquatic.
Kingdom protesta
145
What is saprophytic in kingdom Protista
Means they absorb organic (like bulok na dahon, lupa, o puno)
146
This different classification of kingdom protesta, known as flagellated (mabilis ang pagpitik)
Euglera
147
He has developed pasteurization
Louis Pasteur
148
This is the number of bacteria, one circle in a microscope (walang kadikit)
Monococcus
149
This is the number of bacteria, two circles in a microscope (dalawang magkadikit)
Diplococcus
150
This is the number of bacteria, more circles in a microscope, like a chain
Streptococcus
151
This is the number of bacteria, four circles in a microscope (apat na magkakadikit)
Tetracoccus
152
This is the number of bacteria, more than four circles in a microscope (mataas pa sa bilang ng apat ang magkakadikit)
Sarcina
153
tackles about naming and classifying of organisms
Taxonomy
154
What is the difference between classifying and naming
- Classifying - ( after giving names they are classified based on their body structure or kung anong
klaseng organisms ba sila)
- Naming - (giving the name of organisms based on a level of taxonomy)
155
What is the scientific name?
Genus and species are combined
156
What are the five classifying based on taxonomy?
1. Kingdom monera
2. Kingdom protesta
3. Kingdom fungi
4. Kingdom plantae
5. Kingdom animalia
157
In kingdom monera, what is the reproduction? To produce
Budding and binary fission
158
What kingdom is called as decomposers
Kingdom monera
159
What is the decomposers?
Means to eat the dead organisms
160
What are the examples of kingdom monera?
Bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaebacteria
161
What type of bacteria shape an oval?
Cocci/coccus
162
What is the kingdom also known as aquatic organisms?
Kingdom protesta
163
What is the difference between saprophytic and decomposers?
- Saprophytic eats organic matter
- decomposers eat dead organisms
164
What is the difference between saprophytic and decomposers?
- Saprophytic eats organic matter
- decomposers eat dead organisms
165
What are the similarities between kingdom monera and kingdom protesta
Prokaryotic cells
166
What are the four classification of kingdom protesta?
1. Protozoa
2. Paramecium
3. Euglera
4. Plasmodium
167
Are Kingdom fungi are eukaryotic cells?
Yes
168
What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic
-> heterotrophic, they can't produce their own food
-> Autotrophic, they can create their own food usually in plants
169
What is the difference between nonvascular and vascular
Vascular - complete body parts
Nonvascular - incomplete body parts
170
What are the specialized types of proteins that attach to cell walls in bacteria?
Chitin
171
What are the two modes of reproduction of kingdom fungi
Asexual (spores) and sexual (pheromones)
172
What is the difference between asexual (spores) and sexual (pheromones)? In kingdom fungi
Asexual (spores) - nagre-release ng seed tapos pinapasa kaya nahhuhulog
Sexual (pheromones) - my moist kaya kumakalat
173
What is parasitic?
Kailangan niyo ng matitirahan (host), kailangan niyo ng organisms para makapag-survive
174
What is symbiotic?
Kailangan niya ng mutual relationship to order to survive
175
What are the different classification of symbiotic
1. Mutualism
2. Commensalism
3. Parasitic
4. Competition
5. Predation
6. Herbivore
7. Amensalism
176
Both species benefit from the relationship. (Kaya walang harmful sa isa't Isa)
Mutualism
177
One species benefits, while the other is neither harmed nor helped. One sided relationship
Commensalism
178
One species benefits, while the other is harmed. Pinapakinabangan nya yung Isang organisms in return naha-harm yung organism na pinakinabangan nya.
Parasitic
179
(compete or being dominated) two organisms compete for the same limited resources in an ecosystem. Nag-aagawan sila sa resources kung sino manalo sa kanya lahat kung sino naman matalo maghanap sya ng iba pang resources.
Competition
180
it includes a prey (maliit) and predator (malaki), a predator hunts and eats another organism, while prey is the organism that is hunted and eaten.
Predation
181
sila yung kumakain ng damo, ito yung mga organisms na nagcoconsume ng damo.
Herbivore
182
a type of ecological interaction where one species is harmed or destroyed by another species, while the other species is unaffected. Ito yung relationship na nagkakaroon ng effect pero unaware siya na nagdudulot ng harm ( hindi niya alam na may naharm sya)
Amensalism
183
Kingdom Plantae also known as?
Autotrophic
184
They can create their own food they have specialized organelle known as the _______.
Chloroplast
185
(Two modes of reproduction in kingdom plantae) Asexual and sexual. Two modes of reproduction called?
Pollination
186
What is pollination?
means pollen is transferred from the male part of a flower to the female part, allowing the plant to reproduce and produce seeds.
187
What are the Different classifications of plant body
Roots, stems, leaves, and flowers
188
What is a vascular system?
is a transport system of a plant, dyaan dumadaan ang lahat ng resources na kailangan ng isang plant.
189
What are The 2 transport systems in plants
Xylem and the phloem
190
What is the difference between the xylem and phloem including their movement?
Xylem - (transport a liquid) - upward
Phloem - (transport food) - downward
191
What are the (5) categorization of kingdom plantae
1. Thallophyte
2. Bryophyte
3. Pteridophyte
4. Gymnosperm
5. Angiosperm
192
- Is a vascular
- They produce spores or seeds like structure, na yung mga buto nilalaglag nila.
Pteridophyte
193
lahat ng klase ng algae including seaweeds (mapa brown, red, yellow) basta algae sya.
Thallophyte
194
What type two classification in plants of bryophyte is a vascular or non vascular
Non-vascular
195
What are the two classification of plants
Non-vascular and vascular
196
They are also known as seed bearing because they produce seeds
Gymnosperm
197
Fruit-bearing
Angiosperm
198
Known as largest kingdom of all kingdoms
Kingdom animalia
199
What are the nine different classification of kingdom animalia?
1. Porifera
2. Cnidaria
3. Platyhelminthes
4. Nematode
5. Annelid
6. Arthropods
7. mollusk
8. Echinodermata
9. Chordates
200
They has motochords or spinal chord or they has backbone
Chordates
201
Spiky skin means made up of spike (mga tinik tinik)
Echinodermata
202
They has shell but they seafood
Mollusk
203
It has an exoskeleton which means no bone but their body is tough (matigas). Ex. Species of spiders
Arthropods
204
Segmented body (mga guhit na nakapalibot sa katawan)
Annelid
205
- Roundworms
- Galing sila sa mga itlog na nalilipat lang into organism na nabubuo kaya nagiging roundworms, flatworms or parasites
Nematode
206
Also known as “Flatworms”
Platyhelminthes
207
They produce cnidocytes or sting
Cnidaria
208
What is the hollow bellied in Cnidaria
because yung stomach nila is like a donut because you can see their internal structure
209
commonly referred to as sponges
Porifera
210
Can you recite the taxonomic rank
1. Domain
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species
