reviewer prelim Flashcards
(117 cards)
An instrument or device capable of recording changes in blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin resistance in the physiological phenomena that may be used as bases for the application of a reliable technique of diagnosing truth of deception.`
Polygraph
two greek words meaning “many writings”
Polygraph
sometimes called scientific truth verification
polygraphy
refers to the scientific method of detecting deception with the use of the polygraph
polygraphy
The polygraph is commonly called
lie detector
polygraph machine
deceptograph
truth verifier
TRUE OR FALSE
Most information developed using scientific lie detection methods is not admissible evidences in court despite their suitability in a criminal investigation
TRUE
what are the EARLY METHODS OF DETECTING DECEPTION
1.Trial by Ordeal
2. Trial by Combat
3. Trial by Jury
“Dei Indicium”(Latin)
miraculous decision
“Judecium Dei”
judgement of God
Early methods of detecting deception. What are the trial by ordeals?
- Red Hot Iron Ordeal
2.Ordeal by Balance - Ordeal by Boiling water
- Ordeal by Rice Chewing
- Ordeal of the Red Water
- Trial by Combat
- Ordeal by drinking Decoction
- Ordeal by Corsnead
- Ordeal by the Eucharist
- Ordeal of the Bier
- Ordeal of Heat and Fire
13.Ordeal of Boiling Oil or Water - Ordeal by using Red Hot Needle
- Ordeal of the Tiger
- Cold Water Ordeal
- Ordeal of the Cross
- Ordeal by Waxen Shirt
- Ordeal by donkey’s tail
- Ordeal by candle by lighting
- Shellfish
- Ordeal by axe
- Cock’s feather
practiced in North Bengal. The accused places his tongue to a hot iron nine times (9) unless burned sooner. Sometimes the accused also is made to carry the metal in his hands. If consumed, the accused is put to death.
Red Hot Iron Ordeal
practiced in the Institute of Vishnu, India. This ordeal is making use of a scale of balance wherein he accused, and accuser shall be placed in both ends of the balance (seesaw like). The person to be adjudged lighter than the other shall be acquitted. On the other hand, the person to be adjudged guilty is the one heavier.
Ordeal by Balance
ordeal is used to point the thief in modern Africa. The subjects plunged their right arms into the boiling pot to the elbow and step to the other side of the fire. All are told to undergo the tests without murmuring. The one by the time has lost some or showed blisters would prove that he or she is the thief.
Ordeal by Boiling Water
trial is used to determine who is telling the truth or lying. This is practiced in India. It is formed with the kind of rice called “Sathee,” prepared with various incantations. The person on trial eats, with his face to the east, and then spits upon a peaceful leaf. If the saliva is mixed with blood or the corner of his mouth swells or if he trembles, he is declared to be a liar.
Ordeal by Rice Chewing
This ordeal is used in Eastern Africa. The accused shall be required to fast for twelve hours. He shall be required to swallow a small amount of cooked rice and be given emetic red water extracted from the Sassy Tree bark. If the accused emits or cough out the rice, he is adjudged guilty of the charge; otherwise, the accused is innocent.
Ordeal of the Red Water
This ordeal orders a fight between the accuser and the accused. Whoever lost the battle will be adjudged guilty. The one who wins the battle at the same time wins the case.
Trial by combat
The ordeal that requires the accused to be given a decoction to drink by a priest. If the accused was harmless after drinking the decoction, then he is innocent, but if he dies, he is guilty. This ordeal was practiced in Nigeria, Brahmic India, India
Ordeal by drinking Decoction
This ordeal is practiced in China and Alexandria, Egypt. The accused is given uncooked dry rice to swallow and after which spit out the same. If the accused spits out the rice to be still dry, he is considered innocent.
Ordeal by Eating Corsnead
This ordeal is reserved for the clergy and administered with pomp and ceremony in the European Countries. The accused will be given any liquid food that may cause death to any person. If the accused is innocent, Angel Gabriel will descend from heaven and prevent the accused from swallowing the food given to him.
Ordeal by the Eucharist
This ordeal is applied to the mysterious death of a person. The corpse will be brought on a bier of boughs; after which the natives will ask the corpse he/she has been bewitched. If the victim died by witchcraft, the bier is supposed to know more and if the sorcerer who killed him is present, the corpse will touch him/her. This is practiced in countries of the continent of Australia and Europe.
Ordeal of the Bier
In this ordeal, the accused is compelled to walk in barefoot through the fire, and if he remains unhurt, then he is innocent. This ordeal was practiced in East Germany, Early Scandinavian Countries, Early England
Ordeal by Heat and Fire
The accused is forced to dip his hand into the boiling water or oil and ask to pick up a stone in it. If the accused picked up the stone placed in the boiling oil/water unhurt, the accused is innocent. Otherwise, he is guilty. This is practiced in Asian Countries
Ordeal by Boiling Oil or Water
This is the ordeal used to determine if the accused or any person is telling a lie or not. A red hot needle shall be drawn through the lips of the accused. The accused will not be hurt, or the accused’s lips will not be burned if he is innocent. If the accused suffered blisters and burns, he is construed to be guilty of the offense charged. This is practiced in Wanaka, East Africa.
Ordeal by Using Red Hot Needle
This is the ordeal that makes use of a tiger to be set loose towards the accused and the accuser placed together. The one that spares or untouched by the tiger is considered innocent. If both were spared, further elimination will follow. This ordeal is practiced in Siam.
Ordeal of the Tiger
