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Science CCEA assessment > Revision > Flashcards

Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What element in the body is targeted during an MRI scan?

A

Hydrogen

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2
Q

What is it about oxygen that makes it the one that is targeted?

A

There is so much of it in the Body

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3
Q

Why do nuclei with and uneven number of protons and neutrons interact with a magnetic field?

A

They act like mini magnets

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4
Q

How is a very large magnetic field created in an MRI?

A

Superconducting magnet

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5
Q

The magnetic nuclei align their nuclear skins in a direction parallel to the magnetic field. A piece of equipment is used to excite the Low energy nuclei to a higher state that the others. What is the piece of equipment called?

A

Radio frequency coils

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6
Q

What is the name given to the frequency at which nuclei can absorb energy?

A

Larmor frequency

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7
Q

What follows the period of excitement?

A

Relaxation time

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8
Q

What is the form of energy released during the period after excitement?

A

Radio waves

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9
Q

How is the origin of the signal found?

A

Gradient coils

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10
Q

State the necessary precautions that must’ve taken before entering an MRI room?

A 
No metallic objects
No pacemaker
No coins
No jewellery 
No credit cards
No tattoos
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11
Q

Why might a patient be uncomfortable or experience discomfort when in an MRI scan?

A

Very loud
Claustrophobic
Takes long

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12
Q

What are the features on an MRI scan that make the technique useful in medical diagnostics?

A

Very clear images (more detail)

Non ionising

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13
Q

Two types of thermometers?

A 
Digital thermometer (thermistor)
Digital infrared sensor (tympanic thermometer)
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14
Q

How do you use a digital thermometer?

A

Used in mouth, armpit or rectum

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15
Q

How do you use a digital infrared sensor?

A

Detects infrared waves when placed in ear

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16
Q

What is the range of body temperatures that you body can survive?

A

26-44 degrees

17
Q

What is normal body temperature?

A

37 degrees +/- 0.5 degrees

18
Q

What is the medical term for a patient who has an above normal body temperature? What symptoms might they exhibit?

A

Hyperthermia- headache, nausea, sweating, dizziness, fainting, confusion and muscle cramp

19
Q

What is the medical term for a patient who has a below normal body temperature? What symptoms might they exhibit?

A

Hypothermia- tired, dizzy, blue tinge, uncomfortable shivering, slurred speech, increased heart rate, blood pressure falls, less urine output

20
Q

What could/ would cause an incorrect body temperature reading to be taken?

A 
Eating/drinking before taking reading
Electric blanket
Drugs/ alcohol consumption 
Ear wax
Not waiting long enough
21
Q

What are the similarities in the method of obtaining an ECG and EEG?

A

Both involve measurements of electrical activity

22
Q

What equipment is used during an ECG?

A

Electrodes

23
Q

What equipment is used during an EEG?

A

Electrodes

24
Q

If a patient has had an elliptical seizure, what type of scan should they have?

A

EEG

25
Q

If a patient shows signs for bradycardia, what type of scan should they have?

A

ECG

26
Q

If a relaxed patient is emitting alpha waves, what type of scan should they have?

A

EEG

27
Q

If a sleeping patient is emitting delta waves, what type of waves should they have?

A

EEG

28
Q

If a patient exhibits brain death, what type of scan should they have?

A

EEG

29
Q

Describe the structure and function of the endoscope that is used to create clear images inside the body?

A 
Incoherant bundle- illuminate body part
Coherant bundle- the retrieve image
Eyepiece/camera- to form/view image
Objective lens- to focus rays into coherant bundle
Air irrigation channel to clean
30
Q

What part of the endoscope extracts samples from the body?

A

Operations channel or tools channel

Science CCEA assessment (1 decks)

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