Revision

Question 1

Define SEN

Answer 1

Having learning disabilities or learning difficulties which impact an individual’s ability to learn, in comparison to others the same age

Question 2

Define Learning Disabilities

Answer 2

A learning disability refers to a condition that impacts learning and intelligence across all aspects of an individual’s life, not just in a specific area

Question 3

Define Learning Difficulties

Answer 3

A learning difficulty impacts an individual’s ability to learn, but not their intellect, nor does it affect them across all aspects of life.

Question 4

What are the 4 main areas of need for those with SEN

Answer 4

Speech, Language, Communication and Interaction.

Cognition and Learning.

Social, Emotional and Mental Health Difficulties.

Sensory and/or Physical.

Question 5

Define Invisible Disability

Answer 5

An invisible disability is one that cannot be seen, or is not obvious to observers.

Question 6

Define Visible Disability

Answer 6

A visual disability is one that can be seen by others.

Question 7

SEND identifiable at birth are known as…

Answer 7

Congenital

Question 8

SEND acquired after birth or through life are known as…

Answer 8

Developmental

Question 9

What is the medical model of disability

Answer 9

Says that disability is caused by a health condition, and fully determines what individuals can and cannot do. When viewed through this lense, disability is caused by the individual’s differences and not by the views of society.

Question 10

What is the social model of disability

Answer 10

Developed in the 1980’s, this model proposes that society makes a person disabled, not their actual physical or mental health condition. A holistic way of looking at disability which promotes equality and fairness.

Question 11

Three barriers for individuals with SEND may face are :

Answer 11

Environmental eg lack of financial independence, or lack of reasonable adjustments.

Individual Attitudes eg discrimination, or overprotective family.

Limits to organisational structures eg stairs, or lack of assisted tech like hearing loops.

Question 12

What does a SENCO do?

Answer 12

Oversee the day to day running of the school’s SEN policy by liaising with teachers and coordinating provision for SEN.
Liase with parents and external agencies.

Question 13

Summerise the Education Act 1981

Answer 13

This legislation maintained that all children should be educated in mainstream schools wherever possible.

Question 14

Summerise the Disability Discrimination Act 1995

Answer 14

This piece of legislation made it illegal to discriminate against someone based on disability.
Now replaced by the Equality Act 2010.

Question 15

Summerise the Special Education Needs and Disability Act 2001

Answer 15

This was an amendment to part 4 of the Education Act 1996, further maintaining that children should be educated in mainstream schools where possible.

Considered a significant development in the way children with SEND were educated.

Question 16

Summerise the SEN code of practice.

Answer 16

Describes the equal role of parents and children in any decisions related to their educational needs.

Outlines the role of the SENCO.

Extended in 2014, with emphasis placed on the importance of joint planning between education, health, and social care services.

Question 17

Summerise the Mental Capacity Act 2005

Answer 17

This legislation ensures that individuals with SEND have the right to make their own decisions, if they have the capacity to do so.

The Mental Capacity Act Code of Practice must be considered if making a decision on behalf of someone else. Ensures decisions are made in individual’s best interests.

Question 18

Three key points of the Equality Act 2010 are :

Answer 18

• It strengthened the protection of individuals with protected characteristics.
• Made indirect discrimination unlawful.
• Made it unlawful for an employer to ask about disability during interview.

Question 19

What are the 4 key stages of supporting children, as per the SEND code of practice revised 2015

Answer 19

Assessment, planning, doing, and reviewing.

Question 20

Four British Values:

Answer 20

• Democracy
• The rule of Law
• Individual Liberty
• Mutual Respect and Tolerance

Question 21

What is an EHC plan?

Answer 21

A legal document that explains what a child’s educational, health and social care needs are, and how these will be met.
It is a key document that enables children to reach their full potential whilst in education.

Question 22

Define Equality

Answer 22

Equality means being equal, particularly in terms of status, rights or opportunities.

Question 23

Define Diversity

Answer 23

Having a range of different things eg different cultures, abilities and social classes.

Question 24

Define Prejudice

Answer 24

A preconceived opinion not based on reason or actual experience.

Question 25

What are Protected Characteristics?

Answer 25

Specific characteristics about an individual that are protected by law, they cannot be discrimated against. ``` The 9 protected characteristics are: Age Disability Gender Marital status Family status Race Religion Sexual Orientation Membership of the traveller community ```

Question 26

What is a diverse society?

Answer 26

A society that is accepting of people from different backgrounds, where everyone is free to follow their own culture and religion. Founded on respect, differences are celebrated.

Question 27

What is inclusion?

Answer 27

Considered a human right, applies to all regardless of ability, race or religion. Also means giving equal access and opportunities to all individuals.

Question 28

Why diversity has a positive impact on the workplace :

Answer 28

- Increased problem solving and creativity. - Increased productivity. - Individuals feel secure and valued

Question 29

How diversity positively impact local community :

Answer 29

- Differences are celebrated, creating happier communities where everyone feels a sense of belonging. - Members contribute and their experiences are valued. - Prevents disengagement and unrest.

Question 30

Positive impact of diversity in society :

Answer 30

Helps society thrive by encouraging acceptance. Ideas from diverse cultures creates new ideas. Acceptance means less conflict.

Question 31

What is an equal opportunities policy

Answer 31

A manifesto that sets out an organisation's commitment to equality, how this will be applied, and consequences of breaching the policy.

Question 32

Summerise the SEND Regulations 2014

Answer 32

Part of the Children and Families Act 2014 Supports the use of an EHC plan.

Question 33

Summerise the SEND Act 2001

Answer 33

Established that all children have the right to be fully included in education, and to be educated in mainstream schools if appropriate. Makes it unlawful to treat learners less favourably due to disability. Reasonable adjustments must be made to ensure inclusivity.

Question 34

Legislation vs Guidance

Answer 34

Legislation is legally binding. Guidance gives recommendations.

Question 35

Summerise The Care Act 2014

Answer 35

Ensures local authorities promote well-being, independence and empowerment, to support individuals to retain control over their lives. Also covers the rights of carers, to make sure caring doesn't infringe on their own well-being.

Question 36

Summarise the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006

Answer 36

Helps avoid harm to vulnerable groups by preventing unsuitable people gaining access to them via work. Includes the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check.

Question 37

Define Safeguarding

Answer 37

Protecting an individual's right to live in safety, free from abuse and neglect. Involves providing adequate support for individuals to access care, so they can stay well and maintain a high quality of life. Organisations must act if there is suspicions or evidence of risk of harm.

Question 38

The Health and Social Care Act 2008. The 11 standards that healthcare staff need to adhere to are:

Answer 38

1. Person centered care 2. Dignity and respect 3. Need for consent 4. Safe care and treatment 5. Safeguarding service users from abuse 6. Meeting nutritional needs 7. Cleanliness, safety and suitability of premises and equipment 8. Receiving and acting on complaints 9. Good governance 10. Appropriate staffing levels 11. Fit and proper persons employed

Question 39

Summarise the Children Act 2004

Answer 39

Dictates the roles of local authorities and professionals when working with children and families. Principles revolve around child protection. Discusses the role of the parent or guardian and the courts, when deciding action about child protection.

Question 40

8 forms of abuse are:

Answer 40

``` Physical Sexual Emotional Financial Organisational Self neglect Neglect by others Coercive control ```

Question 41

Agencies involved in safeguarding individuals

Answer 41

``` The Care Quality Commission (CQC) The Police Safeguarding Adults Board The Court of Protection and The Office of the Public Guardian (OPG) The Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) The Department of Health Local Authorities ```

Question 42

Benefits of inclusion for the individual

Answer 42

Making friends Maintaining positive mental health Sense of belonging Achieving personal potential Increased equality Reduces challenging behaviour

Question 43

Benefits of inclusion for the family of an individual with SEND

Answer 43

Less worry about the child's time at school Equal access to health services for the whole family They feel valued and respected Increased independence Having their rights upheld

Question 44

What is a person-centered approach?

Answer 44

All assessments must use a person-centered approach. Ensures individual is involved in decision making. Empowers them to use their strengths to create positive outcomes. Information must be easily accessible.

Question 45

Limitations to applying a person-centered approach

Answer 45

``` Old fashioned attitudes Stereotyping Lack of resources Poorly applying Mental Capacity Act 2005 Lack of willingness ```

Question 46

Benefits of active participation

Answer 46

``` Increased physical activity Increased independence Increased social involvement Increased education and employment Development of meaningful relationships Increased well-being ``` Decreased likelihood of abuse and exploitation Reduction in negative stereotyping Decreased discrimination

Question 47

What effect does disempowerment have on an individual?

Answer 47

Make them more reliant on others. Cause a decline in their mental health and wellbeing.

Question 48

What are 4 areas where barriers to active participation may occur?

Answer 48

Communication eg no staff knowing sign language, or use of jargon. Physical eg no activities not adjusted for any impairments, or chronic pain. Emotional / psychological eg mental health conditions or memory problems. Logistical eg no ramp for wheelchair users, or lack of equipment.

Question 49

Rules for effective alternative communication:

Answer 49

The following should be applied to ensure communication is positive and successful. Find a time when an individual is alert and receptive. Allow enough time. Appropriate environment eg no background noise. Keep things simple with no jargon. Use active listening. Ask individual to repeat things back to you, don't ask if they understand.

Question 50

Communication methods and strategies:

Answer 50

BSL Makaton Picture Exchange Communication Systems (PECS) Communication books Visual cues eg photos Social stories Comic strip conversations

Question 51

Define well being, self-esteem and identity.

Answer 51

An individual's sense of hope and confidence, as well as how their needs are met, and how well they experience joy and happiness. How much worth or value an individual places on themselves. How an individual sees themselves, who they are, and what makes them who they are. All are intrinsically linked.

Question 52

Elements of mental well-being:

Answer 52

Refers to how an individual: Copes with stress Feels in general on an average day Expresses a range of emotions Builds and maintains relationships Engages in society Feels about their future Adapts in times of uncertainty

Question 53

Some attitudes and approaches to SEN that impact well-being:

Answer 53

Treating every person as a unique individual. Maintaining dignity and respect. Respecting beliefs. Encouraging independence. Being non-judgemental. Taking into account all of an individual's needs.

Question 54

Environmental contributions to well-being:

Answer 54

Stable family relationships Good quality housing Access to services and facilities Financial stability Having pets Access to open spaces Meaningful work Living in a diverse community

Question 55

Aspects of identity:

Answer 55

``` Spirituality Mental health Culture Religion Sociability Political affiliations Sexuality ```

Question 56

What is inclusive learning?

Answer 56

It recognises a student's right to an education that respects diversity, enables participation and removes barriers by considering a variety of learning needs. It allows an individual to have meaningful engagement with the curriculum, and enables them to reach their full potential

Question 57

Benefits of inclusive learning:

Answer 57

Encourages diversity Fosters a sense of belonging and respect Actively involved parents Challenges stereotypes Encourages holistic development In line with the Equality Act 2010 Increased confidence and self esteem

Question 58

Some different learning styles are:

Answer 58

Visual Verbal Aural Kinaesthetic Social Solitary

Question 59

A support programme is used to support an individual to reach their full potential. Some common forms of educational support are:

Answer 59

Individual Educational Programmes (IEPs) Mobility support Counselling Speech and language therapy Independent living training One to one learning support EHC plans

Question 60

What is the 4 step plan to ensure education plans remain relevant?

Answer 60

Assess, plan, do, review

Question 61

What is a reasonable adjustment?

Answer 61

Something that avoids subjecting someone to a disadvantage because of a protected characteristic, so they don't experience a worse outcome than others. All settings are under a legal obligation to ensure individuals don't experience discrimination. Any requests for a reasonable adjustment must be given serious consideration, and reasons must be given if they cannot be made.

Question 62

What is an EHC?

Answer 62

A legal document containing the child or young person's education, health, and social care needs, and clearly outlines what support they will receive to have those needs met.