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1809 - Effective Nursing Practice > Revision > Flashcards

Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 6 Steps in the Chain of Infection

A
  1. Infectious Agent
  2. Reservoir (habitat, where the infection grows)
  3. Portal of Exit (how the infection travels)
  4. Mode of Transmission (the way in which it travels)
  5. Portal of Entry (the way the infection enters a new host)
  6. Host
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2
Q

What are the 7 Principles of Asepsis?

A
  1. Sterile objects remain sterile when touched by other sterile objects
  2. Only sterile objects are to be places within sterile field (2.5cm border)
  3. Items held below waist level = unsterile
  4. Sterile objects become contaminated via prolonged exposure to air
  5. Wicking = when sterile field comes into contact w/ a wet, contaminated surface
  6. Anything outside 2.5cm border = contaminated
  7. Fluid flows in direction of gravity
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3
Q

What are the 3 Dimensions?

A
  1. Culture
  2. Subculture
  3. Individual Culture
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4
Q

What are the 3 Aspects of ‘Culture’?

A
  1. Social norms, values and behaviours
  2. Laws
  3. Social Rules
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5
Q

What are the 4 Aspects of ‘Subculture’?

A
  1. Religion
  2. Social Class
  3. Special Needs
  4. Sexuality
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6
Q

What are the 4 Aspects of ‘Individual Culture’?

A
  1. Gender
  2. Age
  3. Education
  4. Experience
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7
Q

How many Stages of Pressure Injuries are there?

A

4

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8
Q

Describe the First Stage of Pressure Injuries

A

Persistent, non-blanchable redness

Itchy, firm, boggy, warmer or cooler to touch

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9
Q

Describe the Second Stage of Pressure Injuries

A

Partial thickness loss of dermis

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10
Q

Describe the Third Stage of Pressure Injuries

A

Full thickness skin loss

Subcutaneous fat may be visible, yellow slough

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11
Q

Describe the Fourth Stage of Pressure Injuries

A

Full thickness tissue loss

Exposed bone, tendon or muscle, yellow slough or black necrotic tissue

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12
Q

Define “Dehiscence”

A

Partial or total separation of wound edges

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13
Q

Define “Evisceration”

A

The uncontrolled exteriorisation of body contents via dehisced wound

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14
Q

Define “Hypergranulation”

A

Excess tissue that fills wound bed more than required -> raised tissue mass

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15
Q

Define “Hypertrophic Scars”

A

Red, thick, raised scar

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16
Q

Define “Keloid Scars”

A

Shiny, raised scar

17
Q

Define “Contractures”

A

Occurs when burn scar matures, thickens and tightens

18
Q

Define “Haemorrhage”

A

Release of blood from broken blood vessel

19
Q

Define “Haematoma”

A

Abnormal collection of blood outside blood vessel

20
Q

Define “Fistula Formation”

A

When inflammation causes sores or ulcers to form on inside wall of intestines or nearby organs

21
Q

Define “Wound Infection”

A

When germs grow within damaged skin of wound

22
Q

What inference can be made when a patient needs a bowel alteration?

A

Future GIT problems

23
Q

What are 6 Common Bowel Problems?

A
  1. Constipation
  2. Impaction
  3. Diarrhoea
  4. Incontinence
  5. Flatulence
  6. Haemorrhoids
24
Q

Define “Constipation”

A

Decrease in frequency of bowel movements

25
Q

Define “Impaction”

A

Results from unrelieved constipation

26
Q

Define “ Diarrhoea”

A

Increase in no. of stools and passage of unformed faeces

27
Q

Define “Incontinence”

A

Inability to control passage of faeces and gas to the anus

28
Q

Define “Flatulence”

A

Accumulation of gas in the intestines causing the walls to stretch

29
Q

Define “Haemorrhoids”

A

Dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum

30
Q

What are the 5 Key Principles of Waste Management?

A
  1. Apt PPE
  2. Apt infection control practices
  3. Measuring/drainage containers
  4. Description of waste
  5. Documentation
31
Q

Define “Hypoxia”

A

The absence of adequate oxygen in tissue

32
Q

List 5 Signs and Symptoms of Hypoxia

A
  1. Cyanosis
  2. Clubbing
  3. Disorientation
  4. Behavioural Changes
  5. Dizziness
33
Q

What are the 12 Activities involved in the ADL model?

A
  1. Maintaining a safe environment
  2. Communication
  3. Breathing
  4. Eating and drinking
  5. Elimination
  6. Washing and dressing
  7. Thermoregulation
  8. Mobilisation
  9. Work and Play
  10. Expressing sexuality
  11. Sleeping
  12. Death and dying
34
Q

What 5 things constitute a safe environment?

A
  1. Basic needs are met
  2. Physical hazards are reduced
  3. Transmission of pathogens is reduced
  4. Sanitation is maintained
  5. Pollution is controlled
35
Q

What 4 things assist in effective communication with a patient?

A
  1. Showing compassion
  2. Building a rapport
  3. Reacting appropriately
  4. Correct body language

1809 - Effective Nursing Practice (9 decks)

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