Revision Flashcards
(67 cards)
1
Q
How many member states the EU has?
A
27, since Brexit
2
Q
Since when it is called a Union?
A
1992 (Treaty os Maastricht)
3
Q
How many official languages does the EU have?
A
24
4
Q
First joiners ( when and which countries) EEC
A
1952: Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands
5
Q
Secong enlargement (when and which countries) EEC
A
1973: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom
6
Q
Third enlargement (when and which countries) EEC
A
1981: Greece
7
Q
Fourth enlargement (when and which countries) EEC
A
1986: Spain, Portugal
8
Q
Fifth enlargement (when and which countries) EU
A
1995: Austria, Finland, Sweden
9
Q
Sixth enlargement (when and which countries) EU
A
2004: Czech Rep., Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia
10
Q
Seventh enlargement (when and which countries) EU
A
2007: Bulgaria, Romania
11
Q
Eight enlargement (when and which countries) EU
A
2013: Croatia
12
Q
When was the European Economic Community born?
A
1957: Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands
13
Q
When was the Treaty of Paris?
A
1951
14
Q
When were the Treaties of Rome?
A
1957
15
Q
When was the Treaty of Maastricht?
A
1992
16
Q
When was the Treaty of Lisbon?
A
2009
17
Q
What did Konrad Adenauer contribute to?
A
European Coal and Steel Community - 1952
18
Q
What did Jean Monnet Robert Schuman contribute to?
A
Strenghtening and envisioning the european integration
19
Q
Who was Simone Veil?
A
The first female president of the European Parliament
20
Q
What was Winston Churchill’s idea?
A
European United States
21
Q
The motto of the Ueropean Union:
A
United in diversity
22
Q
When is the Europe day?
A
May 9th
23
Q
When was the Treaty of Amsterdam?
A
1999
24
Q
When was Treaty of Nice?
A
2003
25
Which are the Four freedoms of movement?
Goods, service, people, capital
26
Non-EU countries which are part of Schengen:
Norway, Lichtenstein, Switzerland, Iceland
27
President of the European Parliament (voice of the people)
David Sassioli
28
President of the European Council (voice of the member states):
Charles Michel
29
President of the European Commission (promoting the common interest):
Ursula von der Leyen
30
Council of the Ministers (The Council)
One minister from each EU country
Presidency: rotates every six months
Decides EU laws and budget together with Parliament
Manages the common foreign and security policy
31
What is double majority?
Most decisions in the Council are taken by ‘double majority’
1, 55% of Member States and 2, Member States that represent 65% of the EU’s population have to vote yes
32
The European Commission
```
Proposes new legislation
Executive organ
Guardian of the treaties
Represents the EU on the international stage
27 commissioners
```
33
How many independent judges are there in The Court of Justice
27, one for each coutntry
34
The European Central Bank
Ensures price stability
Controls money supply and decides interest rates
Supervises that banks are safe
Works independently from governments
35
The European Economic and Social Committee
Represents trade unions, employers, farmers,
consumers and so on
Advises on new EU laws and policies
Promotes the involvement of civil society in EU matters
36
The European Court of Auditors
Checks that EU funds are used properly
| Can audit any person or organisation dealing with EU funds
37
The Committee of the Regions
Represents cities and regions
Advises on new EU laws and policies
Promotes the involvement of local government in EU
matters
38
The European Ombudsman (Emily O'Reilly)
Investigates complaints about poor or failed administration by the EU
institutions
Anyone in the EU can make a complaint
39
The high representative for foreign affairs and security (Josep Borrell)
chairs meetings of the Foreign Affairs Council
Vice-President of the European Commission
Manages the common foreign affairs and security
policy
Head of the European External Action Service
40
Summit at the European Council
Held at least 4 times a year
Sets the overall guidelines for EU policies
President: Charles Michel
41
European Institutions:
- European Council (summit)
- European Parliament
- European Commission
- Council of Ministers (The Council)
- Committee of the Regions
- Economic and Social Committee
- Court of Auditors
- Court of Justice
- European Investment Bank
- European Central Bank
42
The Treaty of Rome (1957)
1, Founding treaty of the European Economic Community -> later EU
2, Established four institutions – Commission, Council of Ministers, European Parliament, European Court of Justice
3, Focus: economic co-operation. Tried to
create closer co-operation: economic and trade issues from agriculture to overseas aid, commerce to taxation
4, A wider political vision for ‘an ever closer union’ to ‘eliminate the barriers which divide Europe’
43
The Single European Act (1986)
1, First attempt to amend the arrangements
made under the Treaty of Rome
2, Main effect was to set a deadline for the creation of a full single
3, Pursued deeper integration
-> easier to pass laws, strengthening the EU Parliament and laying the basis for a European foreign policy market
4, Swept away restrictive practices
44
The Treaty of Maastricht (1992)
1, Widening of the European Community’s
responsibilities
2, Deepening of integration (areas of social policy and Economic and Monetary Union (EMU))
3, Changed the name to European Union
4, It gave the EU Parliament greater influence
in decision making (co-decision procedure)
4, Priciples of subsidiarity
5, Concept of European citizenship
6, Introduced a 3 pillar model
45
The Treaty of Amsterdam (1997)
Tying up the loose ends left over from the Maastricht Treaty
1, Framework for the future accession of ten new member states
2, Schengen Convention into EU law
3, Changed decision making in the EU by expanding the number of decisions covered by Qualified Majority Voting
4, Creating a High Representative
to take overall responsibility for EU foreign affairs
46
The Treaty of Maastricht Nice (2001)
Focus: reforming the decision-making of
the EU
1, It extended QMV in the Council of the EU
2, Changed the way in which the Commission President was to be elected
3, Gave the President the power to sack individual Commissioners
4, Limits on the number of Commissioners and MEPs
47
The Treaty of Lisbon (2007)
Focus: to replace the rejected EU Constitution
1, Abolished the pillar structure set out in the Maastricht Treaty
2, Expanded the areas in which the Commission can propose legislation
3, Made QMV
the default voting method in the Council
4, Created: High Representative of the
Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and a permanent EU President
5, Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFR)
6, Procedure for states to end their membership of the EU for the first time
48
Subsidiarity
The principle that the EU should act only when member states cannot act
49
When was the Schuman declaration?
1950 May 9th
50
Treaty of Paris (1951)
1, Establishing the ECSC
2, Founding countries: France,
Germany, Italy, Benelux
3, Goal: planning
European recovery on the basis of the 2 key heavy industries
4, Also: settle francogerman reconciliation
51
Jean Monnet
1, Born in Cognac
2, First salesperson then civil servant and consultant for the UK and France
3, The architect of
European Integration
52
Robert Schuman
1, Born in Luxemburg, became french
2, Lawyer -> politician -> Foreign minister in France
3, Father of Europe
4, Schuman : main takeaway from letter: SOLIDARITY
53
Charter of Fundamental Rights
Adapted in 2000
Included in the Lisbon Treaty in 2009
A list of rights: Human, civi, social, economic
54
Treaty of the European Union Article.2 - EU Core values
Human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, rule of law and the respect of human rights (minorities).
Pluralism, non-discrimination, justice, tolarence, solidarity, equality
55
Rule of law
Every action taken by the EU is founded on
treaties that have been approved voluntarily and
democratically by all EU countries. The treaties are
negotiated and agreed by all the EU Member States and
then ratified by their parliaments or by referendum.
56
Treaty of the European Union Article.7
Suspend certain rights from a member state
| No removal process yet
57
Treaty of the European Union Article.5
Subsidiarity
58
Infringement procedure
A control by the EC of any risks or cases of breaches of EU laws by the MS.
Sanctions apply
59
Stages in economic integration
```
1, Free Trade Area
2, Customs Union
3, Common Market
4, Monetary Union
5, Economic Union
6, Political / Full Union
```
60
TFEU Article 36
Restrictions to free movement: risk to public order, health, cultural
heritage, industrial property
61
Directive
- It is binding
- Allows Member States to choose the means
- Directives must be transposed into national
law
62
Regulation
- Directly applicable
- Do not need to be turned into national law
- Binding in their entirety
- Take immediate effect
63
TEU Article 3
Single market
64
Treaty of Rome, cooperation areas
```
Agriculture and Fisheries policy
Basic economic freedoms
Transport
Competition
Commercial policy
Social policy
```
65
Single European Act, cooperation areas
Environment
Development
Research and technological development
Economic and social cohesion
66
Treaty of Maastricht, cooperation areas
```
EMU
Union citizenship
CFSP
Education and Culture
Consumer protection&public health
Trans-european networks
Industry
Space
Energy
Civil protection
Tourism
```
67
Treaty of Lisbon, cooperation areas
Climate change
| Enhanced cooperation in the already existing fields
