REVISION Flashcards
(36 cards)
What sources of energy do cells use?
ATP, Adenosine triphosphate.
What nutrients does a cell require?
Sugars, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
Why do cells need to remove wastes like carbon dioxide, oxygen, urea, ammonia, uric acid, water,
ions, metabolic heat?
To mitigate disease and deterioration of the cell.
Characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?
Has no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, simple structure,scattered ribosomes, plasmids, flagella and pili.
What does it mean to compare?
To say similarities, differences and significance.
Characteristics of an eukaryotic cell?
Has a nucleus, has membrane-bound organelles, complex structure, DNA in chromosomes, animal and plant cells.
What is the function of the ‘chloroplast’?
Responsible for consuming light energy and producing chemical energy through photosynthesis.
What is the function of the ‘mitochondria’?
Responsible for cellular respiration, and the conversion of glucose into ATP.
What is the function of the ‘endoplasmic reticulum’?
Protein synthesis, and the transport of proteins.
What is the function of ‘plastids’?
Responsible for manufacturing and storing foods, contains pigments for photosynthesis.
What is the function of ‘lysosomes’?
Responsible for the removal of waste in the cell. Their digestive enzymes break down waste.
What is the fluid mosaic phospholipid bilayer?
Is apart of the cell membrane that controls movement between the internal and external environments of a cell.
What is a ‘channel protein’?
Allows the transport of specific polar molecules across the cell membrane.
What is a ‘carrier protein’?
Binds the specific solutes and transfer them across the lipid bilayer.
What is a ‘phospholipid’?
Molecules that have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
What is a ‘glycoprotein’?
A protein responsible for cell-cell recognition.
Whats is ‘cholesterol’?
Cholesterol is a substance used to regulate temperature in the phospholipid bilayer.
What is the impact of the increase of surface area on reaction rates?
As there is more SA available, there is more area for particles to collide.
What is the role of enzymes?
Their role is to catalyse chemical reactions, and regulate the rate of reactions.
Lock and Key Model.
The enzyme has an active site that specifically fits the substrate.
Induced Fit Model.
The enzyme’s active site alters it shape to fit the substrate.
How does surface area influence reaction rate?
The more SA available, the more area for particles to collide.
How do enzymes influence reaction rate?
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP
