Revision Flashcards
Inheritence
This is when you inherit a gene from a parent from and have one of there characteristics.
Polydactyl
Polydactyl is when a baby is born with extra digits on there hands or feet. If one of your genes contains this allele you will have this disorder due to this a dominant allele.
Cystic fibrosis
People with CF produce abnormally thick and sticky mucus in their lungs and airways.
You need inherit two copies of the faulty allele to be born with cystic fibrosis.
If you have just one copy, you are a carrier, but will not experience any symptoms. If two carriers have a child together, there is a one-in-four chance of passing on the disorder.
Selective breading
Selective breeding is when choose certain characteristics to a plant of an animal by using genes from animals/plants which have the characteristics you want and breed them with an other plant/animal.
Cloning
A clone is an organism that is genetically identical to its parent.
Perfect punnet squares
When drawing/writing a punnet square you need to write the ratios and percentages of your results on the punnet square. You will need to include a key explaining what the punnet square is based on like the characteristics of breeding bunnies.
Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering involves changing the genetic material of an organism.
What is golden rice
Golden rice starts by engineering to biosynthesize vitamin f. Golden rice is a transgenic plant and if you don’t have vitamin A you can go blind and 500,000 people have went blind from lack of vitamin A.
Examples of genetic engineering
Making corn have toxins to kill bacteria.
Making peaches which grow in really cold temperatures.
Sheep living in really hot climates like the Sahara Desert.
Insulin
Everyone needs a chemical in there body call insulin to control your blood sugar level. Some people don’t have enough insulin in there body so they have to inject it daily. The insulin they need can be made by genetically engineered bacteria.
Where does insulin come from
Insulin comes from animals like cows and pigs after they die and is taken out of the pancreases. The insulin is purified which reduces the risk of the insulin user having a reaction with the insulin.
How is eye colour inherited
You only need one copy of the dominant allele for the characteristic to appear in the organism. This allele is said to be expressed in the organism.
How do you preform a genetic cross.
In a genetic cross alleles are represented by letters. The upper case letters represent the dominant allele and the lower case letters represent the recessive allele.
Can characteristics be predicted?
When the sperm fertilises the egg, genes from the mother join with genes from the farther. This results in a combination of alleles present in the offspring. Scientists are able to work out/predict what the organisms offspring will look like by carrying out a genetic cross.
Disadvantages of selective breeding.
When you are selectively breeding an organism, you are choosing which versions of the gene are going to be passed on. Over each generation by making organisms look more and more similar your reducing the amount of genes in the organism (the gene pool). Selective breeding therefor reduces the variation within a species.
