revision

Question 1

drugs that have the the highest risk of causing C. difficile infection?

Answer 1

Oflaxacin - levo/moxi/cipro - quinolones

Question 2

regarding penicillins what is true?

Answer 2

they inhibit cell wall synthesis
Some are not absorbed orally
allergy to 1 = allergy to all
Might get away with aztreonam/meropenem

Question 3

regarding penicillins what is false?

Answer 3

they are bacteriostatic they are all bactericidal

Question 4

cephalosporins and pipercillin/tazo

Answer 4

not absorbed/ given orally

Question 5

most likely to cause photosensitivity

Answer 5

doxycycline

very rarely - ciprofloxacin

Question 6

which can worsen control of epilepsy/ lowers seizure control?

Answer 6

all quinolones

Question 7

which of the following drugs will not cover streptococcus pneumonia?

Answer 7

ciprofloxacin but levofloxacin will cover strep. pneumonia

Question 8

which of the following drugs cover strep. pneumonia?

Answer 8

doxy
co-amoxiclav
clarithromycin - used for atypical organisms
amoxicillin - better absorbed

Question 9

main purpose of adding clarithrymycin in pneumonia

Answer 9

atypical organisms

Question 10

what drug is not systemically absorbed by mouth?

Answer 10

vancomycin - given in C.diff not work systemically and only in the gut

Question 11

which drugs are absorbed systemically?

Answer 11

clindamycin
clarithromycin
ciprofloxacin
aztreonam - does not have an oral formulation

Question 12

what is true about C.diff?

Answer 12

anaerobic
forms spore
can be carried asymtomatically

Question 13

what is false about C.diff?

Answer 13

causes mainly mild, self-limiting infections

Question 14

someone on laxatives don’t send for microbiology

Answer 14

because laxative cause for diarrhea

Question 15

what is true regarding antimicrobial resistance/

Answer 15

disrupts human flora for more than 6 months

Question 16

community acquired pneumonia true statements?

Answer 16

smoking is a risk factor
strep. pneumonia causative agent
amoxicillin 1st line therapy
doesn’t need positive sputum culture

Question 17

why is amoxicillin a poor empiric choice for the treatment of UTI?

Answer 17

pathogen cover is inadequate - 40% of E. coli is resistant to amoxicillin.

amoxicillin plus gentamicin is a choice on the antibiotic man but for enterococci

Question 18

what is true counseling points for quinolones?

Answer 18

associated with AAA rupture

associated with psychiatric side effects

may cause diffuse tendinitis

cause C.diff

oral bioavailability is as good as IV - well absorbed, used to treat pseudomonas in people with CF

must stop immediately and seek advice if diarrhea occurs

Question 19

clindamycin is not active against this organism?

Answer 19

strep. pyogenes
staph. aureus
bactericides fragilis
gram negatives

Question 20

clindamycin is active against?

Answer 20

proteus mirabilus

Question 21

two drugs for gram negative.

Answer 21

metro and cLinda

Question 22

which drug is used as IV preparation?

Answer 22

aztreonam

gentamicin - iV also, but you get gentamicin drops

Question 23

which is a gram positive bacillus?

Answer 23

listeria monocytogenes

Question 24

salmonella entiritides

Answer 24

gram negative

Question 25

campylobacter jejuni

Answer 25

gram negative

Question 26

shigella flexnerii

Answer 26

gram negative

Question 27

cryptosporidium spp.

Answer 27

not a bacteria

Question 28

listeria can cause other infections than GI

Answer 28

meningitis

Question 29

78 yr old man with high LFTs and jaundice

Answer 29

co-amoxiclav

Question 30

what will be raised in acute severe infection?

Answer 30

IL 6 CRP WBC count

Question 31

which of the following is not an AIDS defining condition?

Answer 31

recurrent endocarditis

Question 32

which of the following is an AIDS defining condition?

Answer 32

recurrent pneumonia - pneumococcal vaccine oropharyngeal candida - esophageal candida which doesn't respond to treatment salmonella bacteraemia - rare, salmonella in blood and sickle cell anaemia

Question 33

the following antibiotic is indicated for gram negative cover of an ESBL producing klebsiella isolated from a septic patient?

Answer 33

meropenem carbapenamase if meropenem resistant

Question 34

which is no indicated for gram negative cover of an ESBL producing klebsiella isolated from a septic patient?

Answer 34

ceftriaxone aztreonam vancomycin - never active against gram negatives take out amox/ cephalosporins and pip/taz

Question 35

what antibiotic is not active against gram negatives?

Answer 35

vancomycin

Question 36

ESBL production

Answer 36

resistance to other drug classes also

Question 37

which of the following is NOT one of the typical endocarditis organisms listed in the major Dukes criteria?

Answer 37

enterobacter cloacae

Question 38

what is the organism that has typical endocarditis organisms listed in the major Dukes criteria?

Answer 38

kingella king - HACEK bartonella henselae enterococcus faecalis

Question 39

what is the organism that has typical endocarditis organisms listed in the major Dukes criteria?

Answer 39

kingella king - HACEK bartonella henselae enterococcus faecalis

Question 40

regarding drug interactions which of the following statements is false?

Answer 40

metro. can reduce lithium concentrations

Question 41

regarding drug interactions which of the following statements is true?

Answer 41

rifampicin can reduce the effect of warfarin rifampicin can increase the affect of clopidogrel iron can reduce the effect of doxy./cipro

Question 42

which of the following is true?

Answer 42

tetracycline should be avoided in children <12yr | rifampicin can color contact lenses - orange

Question 43

which of the following is false?

Answer 43

metro. tablets should be taken before food