Revision Flashcards
(168 cards)
1
Q
What is Ethical monotheism?
A
The worship of one God, who is the source for one standard of morality, who guides humanity through ethical principles.
2
Q
What is a moral?
A
deal with right/wrong morals are dictated by society culture or religion.
3
Q
What is a Mitzvah?
A
Commandment.
4
Q
What do Jews believe about God?
A
He is Omnipotent, omniscient and benevolent.
5
Q
What Prayer unites Jews together?
A
Sherma prayer
6
Q
What is the sherma prayer?
A
‘Hear, O Israel, the lord is one (deutronomy 6:4)
7
Q
Why is the sherma prayer important?
A
It introduces the heart of the religion and it is the creed that is recited over a new born, also it is put around the house.
8
Q
What is the significance that the sherma prayer unites orthodox and reform Jews together suggest?
A
Ethical monotheism is what unites these opposing groups, and it is fundamental for an understanding of Judaism.
9
Q
What main moral guidance does the Torah contain?
A
It contains the 613 mitvotzs which include those well known as the 10 commandments.
10
Q
Why is performing the mitzvot important to Jewish people?
A
1) 613 mitzvots are set by God
2) Performing God’s will as the chosen people
3) Allows Jews to work to create a special relationship.
4) clear guidance for what Jewish people should and should not do.
11
Q
Explore the Key term Ethical monotheism?
A
1) What ethical monotheism is?
The 613 mitvztos contain ethical principles that link to God. ‘To know that God is one, a complete unity’’ allows Jews to follow role as chosen one, fulfilling God.
2) Moral principles also guide Jews that which is linked to Modern Judaism. 13 principles of faith
12
Q
Who was Moses Maimonides?
A
He was a Jewish philosopher who came up with the 13 principles of faith, influencing Jewish and non- Jewish thought. He believed that Jews shouldn’t always stick to God’s laws.
13
Q
Name me 3 of the 13 princples of faith?
A
Only God makes things happen
Prayer is to be directed to God alone and no other
There will be no other Torah.
14
Q
Explore Jewish guidance given to Jews to follow?
A
1) 13 principles of faith (central to God)
2) 613 mitzvots
15
Q
Assess the significance of Maimonides 13 principles of faith (first two paragraphs?
A
1) More realistic approach for a Jew, as it is clear and conscised for Jews. This means Jews are more entitled and less overwhelmed than the 613 mitvotzs.It is centred around God ‘God will resurrect the dead’. Therefore important as it every princple is dedicated to God – more emphaisis.
2) The 613 mitvotzs show more commitment to God. The 13 princples are centred around God, not the actions of humans, leading to interpretations of the 13 princples of faith. The commandments tell you what to do e.g. to pray to god and tell you not what to do ‘ to not take revenge’ this is clear. Therefore by struggling you are showing commitment to God.
16
Q
What is the final pargraph for the question assess the significance of Maimondies 13 princples of faith?
A
13 princples of faith do not apply to eveyone, the idea that one perosn dominating over all of humanity would not appeal to the modern democratic views. Judaism seen as a form of social control.
17
Q
How many of the Mitzvots tell you what to do?
A
248 tell you what to do
18
Q
How many Mitzvots tell you what not to do?
A
365 tell you what not to do.
19
Q
What is a covenant?
A
An agreement between Jews and God.
20
Q
What are the 4 main covenants in Judaism?
A
1) Covenant between Noah
2) Moses
3) Abraham - circumcision
4) Abraham - The convent of the land of the cutting
21
Q
What is the Covenant between God and Moses?
A
Moses received the 10 commandments from God, it was made whilst the jews were walking in the Sinai desert are they had been revealed from captivity in Egypt. Moses said to the people ‘All the things the lord commands as to do we will do’
22
Q
What is the Covenant between Noah and God?
A
God destroyed almost everything that was on earth in the flood, but he promised that he will never punish the world again as he did during the flood. He also made an agrrement with Noah and his sons: The Noachide Code, based on Torah e.g. Do not worship idols.
23
Q
Analyse what is meant by ethical Monotheism in Judaism (20 marks ) 1st paragraph (important as it basis of faith)?
A
It is important as it is the basis of faith
Proven by the fact that it is in the Torah and is the 6th mitzvot, which emphasizes the value it has in Judaism. .
The torah gives a sense of religious duty and offers guidance, this further provides significance for Jews. By following monotheism, this creates a relationship with God and Jews. This links to covenants.
24
Q
Analyse what is meant by ethical Monotheism in Judaism (20 marks ) 2nd paragraph (13 principles of faith)?
A
Maimonides created 13 principles of faith, underpinning the belief of God.
The second princple is ‘there is only one god.
This is one of the most important princples in Judaism. Maimondies thought the 613 commandments had to many harsh princples to follow. It is also accepted by orthodox and reform Jews
25
Analyse what is meant by ethical Monotheism in Judaism (20 marks ) 3rd paragraph (Orthodox and Reform Jews follow ethical monotheism in sherma prayer)?
Both orthodox and Reform Jews follow ethical monotheism in sherma prayer ' Hear, O Israel, the lord our God, the lord is one'
Reform and Orthodox dont agree on many things and the sherma prayer is the most important expression of God. The fact that men and women are seated separately in synagogues show that Jews should only be focused on God.
26
Analyse what is meant by ethical Monotheism in Judaism (20 marks ) 4th paragraph (Covenants)?
Another key aspect is the covenants
E.g 10 commandments revealed to Moses on Mount Sinai. This gives Jews guidance in order to keep promise and builds a bridge between humanity and God. This links to the covenant of Abraham and circumcision (every man should be circumcised which is followed today.)
27
What is conclusion for analyse what is meant by ethical monotheism in Judaism?
If you don't understand ethical monotheism you cannot truly understand God, without God there would be no religion. The biggest influence for me is its influence on orthodox and Reform Jews as it brings a sense of unity and equality in which God encourages.
28
What 2 things do Orthodox Jews believe about Religious services?
1) Synagogue services are conducted in Hebrew only.
| 2) In synagogue women and men are still seated separately, and only them men are permitted to lead the service.
29
What 2 things do Reform Jews believe about Religious services?
Synagogues use a mixture of Hebrew and the local language.
| 2) Reform synagogues allow men and women to sit together during the service and allow women to become rabbis.
30
What 2 things do Orthodox Jews believe about God's revelation?
1) The revelation the Jews received through Moses at Mount Sinai was God's word for all the time.
2) Aspects of this revelation could be interpreted out never altered.
31
What 2 things do Reform Jews believe about God's revelation?
1) Teaches that God's will is continuously revealed and that each generation will receive direction from in its own time.
2) Modern insights and scientific knowledge are considered to be apart of the revelation.
32
What 2 things do Orthodox Jews believe about beliefs?
1They believe that the written and oral Torah are divine of divine origin and represent the word of God.
2) Orthodox movement hold that the Torah is the exact word of God and doesn't represent any human creativity for influence
33
Whart things do Reform Jews believe about Beliefs
TBA
34
What 2 things do Orthodox Jews believe about Religious practice?
1) Many religious traditions and rituals remain important components of orthodox Judaism.
2) Rituals are believed to be means of enhancing spiritual life.
35
What 2 things do Reform Jews believe about Religious practice?
1) Reform Jews place emphasis on moral commands over ritual practices
2) Reform synagogues don't necessarily reject all rituals; however Reform Judaism teaches that rituals are insignificant without moral and ethical conduct.
36
Keep all Jewish festivals in a traditional way? Orthodox or Reform?
Orthodox
37
Wear traditional clothing? Orthodox or reform?
Orthodox
38
Believe Judaism developed over time? Orthodox or reform ?
Reform
39
Do not accept female rabbis? Orthodox or Reform?
Orthodox Jews
40
Adapts Traditions of Judaism to current society? Orthodox or reform jews?
Reform Jews
41
What does the Gemara mean?
A more detailed version of the oral law and together with the Mishnah forms the Talmud.
42
What is the Mishnah?
The outline of the oral torah and is divided into 62 divisions that provide the background for every subject of Jewish law found in the oral Torah.
43
What is the Midrash?
This is a book of rabbinic commentatory on the scriptures. It is the oldest collection of Jewish stories and legends and was written c.200CE.
44
What are the 4 rights of marriage in Judaism?
Birth
Initiation
Marriage
Death
45
Give an example of an event that happens during birth?
Shalom Zachar which is when on the first friday night after a boy is born, friends of the family and the Rabbi are invited to 'greet the family'.
46
Name an event that happen during initiation?
Bar/Bat Mitzvah
47
What is Bar Mitzvah?
It is when a boy reaches the age of 13, he is responsible for his own religious life and van be fully responsible for fulfilling the commandments. The boy reads the scriptures in the synagogue and after father says ' Blessed be he who has released me from the responsibitlies of this child'
48
Why is Bar Mitzvah significant?
You can make choices on what you follow.
49
What is Bat Mitzvah?
Similar to Bar Mitzvah at age of 12 but happens with daughter.
50
What quote from Genesis is there to support marriage in the Bible?
'Hence a man leaves his father an mother and clings to his wife, so that they become one flesh'
51
In Judaism is divorce permitted?
Yes it is permitted infact a divorce is not allowed to take place for three months after the get to ensure that the women is not pregnant.
52
What usually happens when a Jew dies?
They say Kaddish (it is described as a funeral prayer but is actually used to praise God.
53
What is Kashrut?
It is the dietary rules for Jews.
54
What is Marriage known as?
Kiddusin- the legally or formally recognised union of two people as partners in a personal relationship.
55
What is also said in the Talmud about marriage?
'a man without a women is doomed to an existence without joy, without blessing'
56
Do orthodox Jews accept Bat mitzvah?
They do not accept the bat Mitzvah and do not allow girls as a part of the service or to lead to service.
57
What is food that Jews can eat called?
Kosher
58
What are foods that Jews cannot eat called?
Terefat
59
What can Jews not eat in the same place?
Cannot cook diary and meat in the same place ' you cannot boil a kid in its own mothers milk.
60
For meat to be Kosher what must Jews do?
It must be slaughtered when a blessing is being said and it must be killed by a single cut to the throat.
61
What does it say in the Torah to support Kashrut rules?
'You shall not consume any blood, either of bird or of animal, in any or your settlements
62
What are 3 strengths of Kashrut rules?
Cleanliness and respect for animals
Strengths the relationship between God and Jews
Shows the struggle you are willing to go, to please God.
63
What is shabbat/sabbath?
It is a Jewish festival whereby Jews observe a rest day and do not work.
64
Name 3 activites not allowed on Shabbat?
Cooking
Making clothing
Writing
65
Do reform jews follow all the strict rules of shabbat?
Reform jews would not observe this festival stricity as they feel as it is outdated and therefore may not see the Sabbath as important as portrayed in orthodox society. e,g, find it hard to observe if they have work. It is unrealistic to follow all the forbidden activities.
66
What are Orthodox Views to Shabbat?
Orthodox Jews follow the sabbath stricitly as the torah contains strict punishments for not doing the sabbath
67
Name 3 reasons why shabbat is important?
1 of the 10 commandments
Provide a day of rest and religious reflection
The Torah contains strict punishments for not observing.
68
What does the bible say for shabbat?
'Remember the sabbath day and keep it holy'
69
What does the bible say for those who don't follow shabbat.
'He who profanes it shall be put to death'
70
What are 3 advantages of traditions in the Jewish community?
1) Upholds the covenant between Jews and God
2) Supports the expansion of the Jewish community (e.g. kiddusin, marriage)
3) Obeying commands from God
71
What are 2 disadvantages of traditions in the Jewish community?
1) Reform Jews may not see relevance of some traditions
| 2) Orthodox and Reform Jews do not always agree on the importance of practicing certain traditions.
72
What 4 points do you talk about when you answer the question 'Analyse the importance of tradiitions and practices in Judaism'?
1) Kiddusin-supporting exapansion of community
2) Bat/bar mitzvoh - strengthens their relationship with God
3) Kashrut rules - shows commitment to God
4) Sabbath - Not all jews for the sabbath directly
73
What is the Holy book for Jews?
The tenakh. (an acronym of the first Hebrew letter of each of the three key texts.
74
What 3 sections is the Tenakh split into?
Torah ( the holiest book of the Tenakh )
2) Nevi'im
3) Ketuvim
75
What is the main things the Torah contains?
Laws of Moses and History from creation to Moses 613 mitzvots.
76
What is the Nevi'im?
Book of prophets ( how the covenant unfolded)
77
What is the Ketuvim?
Writings and how Jews behaved towards God.
78
What does the Torah contain?
Moral laws (ethical monotheism, 613 mitzvots ) set out in the first 5 books of the Jewish bible.
79
How does God reveal himself to his people in the Torah?
Through his written laws such as commandments.
80
What is the Talmud?
The oral torah, Jews believe that when God gave Moses the Torah he also gave him the oral Torah to explain how the laws/mitzvot were to be obeyed.
81
What is the Halakah?
The written and oral Torah togeher.
82
When did the Oral Torah come bout?
After the temple was destroyed by the Romans, many Jews left Israel, Jewish leaders realized that the oral law would start to get confusing, so the oral Torah was recorded (called Mishnah)
83
Who helped put together the Mishnah?
Maimondies
84
Give 3 reasons why the Tenakh is important?
1) The Torah is used in synagogues for worship.
2) Jews read it to help their understanding of God
3) It has Gods laws written down in it.
85
Give 2 reasons why the Talmud is important?
1) It explains how the Mitzvot should be applied to Jewish life.
2) It is the main subject studied in Jewish academies (understand what they are reading)
86
How was the prophetic books given to humans?
By a Prophecy.
87
What does Prophecy mean?
It involves a process in which messages are allegedly communicated to a prophet by a god or spirit and often then communicated to other people.
88
Why types of messages are usually involved in a prophecy?
Inspiration,
| Revelation of events to come.
89
What is the Hebrew term for Prophecy?
Navi which means spokesperson.
90
Explain the importance of the Written torah (3 reasons) ?
1) Central teaching of Judaism is God, reveals himself in the Torah to his people.
2) Shows a way of life by which the people can live in obedience.
3) Shows God's plan for the world and of his relationship with humanity.
91
Explain how the Talmud supports Jews Interpreting God's commandments?
Written Torah says it is to be done as God wishes, but the Oral torah explains the manner of doing this.
92
Give an example of how the Talmud instructs Jews to carry out instructions?
E.g the slaughter of cattle. The written Torah says it is to be done as God wishes, but the oral Torah explains the manner it should be done. 'you may slaughter any cattle or sheep that the Lord gives you.'
93
What do Rabbinic literature believe about revelation?
God gave the law to his people to sustain them, the word of the law are likened to a medicine of life. ' I created in you yetter (evil incination), but crafted the law of medicine.' therefore saying as long as you have the la, the yetter will not rule over you.
94
How does this revelation (Rabbinic Literature) support Jews in preserving Jewish identity?
1) They live their lives by Gods laws
| 2) Aware of the consequences of not fulfilling promise to God.
95
What does Judah Halevi believe about the Revelation?
He beliefs God revealed himself to Adam, his descendants and Jewish people. Adam would have never knew God if he didn't reveal himself and his attributes. God convinced him that he was a creator and the lord.
96
How does this revelation (Judah halevi) support Jews in preserving Jewish identity?
1) They spread faith and word of God, promotes closeness of God.
2) Helps understand faith by Jews.
97
What do Reform Jews believe about the revelation?
They beleive in the revelation, but distance themselves from traditional understanding of God's discourse. They believe the Torah is a continuous process confined to no one group of people and age.
98
How does this revelation (Reform Jews) support Jews in preserving Jewish identity?
Adapting to modern lives
Shows the importance of prophets ( in spreading messages)
Promotes reading + analysis of the Torah.
99
Why 3 reasons why Jews are seen as the chosen people?
God selected the Jewish nation from all other peoples because of acts out of divine love.
2) On Mount Sinai, The Jews accepted God's covenant and became the chosen people and were given a holy nation (Israel)
3) Rabbis argue they were chosen because of their acceptance of the Torah (not love)
100
What is the waiting place for Jews after death?
Sheol
101
What is hell called and described as in Judaism?
The word is called Gehenna, which is a place outside Jerusalem where the city's rubbish was burned.
102
What does Resurrection from the dead mean in Judaism?
Jews will rise up from their graves to live again.
103
What is the Jewish word for Heaven in Judaism?
Gan Eden, those who are judged righteous would go here.
104
According to the Talmud when is the Messainic age going to take place?
The messianic age will take place on earth after a period of calamity (sudden damage) resulting in :
1) Peace will reign throughout nature
2) Jerusalem will be rebuilt
3) At the end, the dead will resurrect and rejoin with their souls
4) Final Judgement will come upon all mankind.
105
What is the Messianic age?
is the future period of time on Earth in which the messiah will reign and bring universal peace and brotherhood, without any evil.
106
In Maimonides 13 principles of faith he refers to 13 principles of faith how many rimes?
Twice which is the:
11th (God rewards and punishes)
13th (God will resurrect the dead)
107
What do Orthodox Jews believe about the Tenakh?
The words were dictated to Moses on Mount Sinai
108
What do Reform Jews believe about the Tenakh?
It is a product of humans but nonetheless divinely inspired.
109
What is Rabbinic Judaism rested on?
The torah
110
Name me 2 things the Nevi'im contains?
1) Detail consequences of Jews not following Gods commands
| 2) Provides Details of Jews history (importance prophet wisdom)
111
Name 2 things the Torah contains?
1) Provides Jews with what God commands them to do such as the 613 mitzvots
2) Details the covenant between Jews and God, and different covenants.
112
Name one thing the Ketuvim contains?
Used during special celebrations and holidays in synagogues (Ketuivm) to praise God
113
Explore the role of holy books (3 roles)?
1) The Torah provides Jews on what they have to do e.g. 613 mitzvots (transmits God's ideas to universe)
2) The Nevi'im provides details of Jewish history (Help understand their faith better.
114
What does the Mishnah teach about loving God?
The Mishnah teaches that human beings must not love God only for the good that happens but also for their suffering.
115
What is the Quote to support loving God?
'' You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might'
116
What does 'with your heart' mean?
Both good and evil tendencies
117
What does 'with your soul' mean?
even if God takes away your soul martyrdom (killed because of their religious belief)
118
What does 'with all your might' mean?
With all your wealth
119
What is the Zohar?
It is a famous text of Kabbalah which is a set of teachings that explain the relationship between God.
120
What does the Zohar state about loving God?
'It is necessary for man to be attached to God with a most elevated love'
121
What did Kabbalistic Literature develop in terms of loving God?
They developed the concept that its impossible to love God itself. Since God has no body, human love for God must be understood as love for the Shekihan (God's presence)
122
What does George Robinson argue about the love of God?
At the heart of Judaism lies the love of God and his qualities are reflected in the values of love, justice and holiness. God is the source of Moral values and jewish people look to written and Oral Torah for guidance especially the Mishnah.
123
What does the Mishnah provide to Jews
It is a source of guidance which contains 63 volumes which discuss all areas of Jewish law.
124
What does Tzedakah mean in Judaism?
Doing Justice means is understood as charity, giving as part of a process of seeking a just world, to set things right.
125
What are 4 values associated with Judaism?
Mishnah
Mitzvot
Halakah
Tzedakah
126
Name 2 Jewish values?
1) The chosen people in the covenant with God.
| 2) God is a source of moral values for his chosen people
127
Name a Universal value?
The Noachide laws, according to the Talmud, these were given by God as a set of laws for all of humanity. E.g. Do not murder.
128
Explore the Universal laws associated with Judaism?
1) One Jewish value is Tzedakah doing justice
2) Mishnah, showing them how to live their lives, one volume is completely dedicated to Jewish morals and values called Avot.
129
Explore the importance of the belief in God as a Creator?
1) Concept of God is heart of Judaism stemming from ethical monotheism e.g. Sherma prayer, showing the importance of God as a creator. Therefore Jews want to live their lives according to God's moral principles.
2) Derives from 13 principles of faith e.g. there is only one God. Orthodox and Reform Jews are in conflict with interpretations, showing the nature of God brings unity and equality.
130
Is it possible to be religious without accepting all the central beliefs of mainstream Judaism?
Yes it is
131
What does Resurrection mean?
The dead will rise again from their graves to live again.
132
What do Orthodox and Non-Orthodox belief about the nature of the soul?
1) The idea of resurrection of the dead was replaced by the belief in the immortality of the soul ( living forever, never dying)
2) For most Jews physical resurrection is inconceivable (not able to grasp) in the light of scientific (they believe in spritiulal resurrection nto physical. understanding.
133
What do Reform Jews belief about the nature of the soul?
1) They say what matters is also the immortality of the soul, especially the divine (god-like) nature of the human spirit.
2) They reject bodily resurrection and eternal punishments or reward. Therefore there is an emphasis on this world in Jewish thought.
134
What is the Quote to support what happens to the soul?
'God said My breath will not govern man forever, since he is flesh' (this means the soul will end its association with the mortal body at death.
135
What does Maimondies say about the soul?
He believed that by the soul being resurrected, it avoids the second death known as hell.
136
Explore Jewish ideas about the soul? (8)
1) What orthodox believe
| 2) What reform believe
137
What is the Messanic age?
The idea of the new world or when the Messiah comes to earth.
138
Analyse Jewish thoughts on the purpose and meaning of life? (20 marks )
1) To fulfil role as the 'chosen people' - Doing sacred works in the world
2) Heaven and Hell (Gan eden and Gehanna) - To work towards achieving Heaven and avoiding hell.
3) Adhering to Oral Torah/ laws - 613 mitzvots and 13 principles of faith.
4) Keeping covenant between Jews and God
139
What could be another point for the question Analyse Jewish thoughts on the purpose and meaning of life? (20 marks )
Modern thought : Reform Jews - May believe that there are different ways to achieve the same meaning and purpose as orthodox (e.g. more focus on being good people than observing all laws)
140
What is a Rabbi?
It is a teacher of the Torah.
141
What is Rabbinic Judaism based on?
It is based on the idea of a 'Dual Torah,' which suggests that the Torah was revealed to Moses in two ways; written and Oral Torah. The oral Torah became part of the tradition after the destruction of the second temple in 70AD.
142
What is Diaspora?
Means dispersion and is used to describe the dispersion of Jews from Israel, because of persecution.
143
Give 2 reasons why the Diaspora is important?
1) It led to Rabbinic discourse about Jewish beliefs to be Recorded (this was to preserve Jewish teachings in light of Jews dispersing to different areas around the world)
2) Also led to the expansion of Judaism worldwide as rabbinic thoughts and contributions to Jewish text could be practiced around the world.
144
What are reasons why rabbinic Judaism significant for Jewish beliefs?
1) Explains how Jews should behave (The halakah (oral torah) preventing Jews from breaking laws of the Torah)
2) Rabbinic commentaries support daily life and practice-The Mishnah.
3) Recorded Jewish beliefs (the diaspora)
4) Emphaisises that the Torah cannot be interpreted without referring to the oral Torah (confusing)
145
Explore the features of Rabbinic Judaism (8 marks)?
1) One feature diaspora (destruction of the temple leading to a dispersion of people from Israel.
2) Another feature Halakah /oral law, the halakah contains oral torah ( written torah can be confusing), leading to interpretation. The oral torah helps Jews to fulfill Mitzvots. This links to 13 principles of faith (clear and concise.
146
What is the first point for the 20 marker Analyse the significance of rabbinic Judaism for Jewish belief (20 marks)
The disapora had an impact on Rabbinic thought because it lead to rabbinic discourse about jewish beliefs to be recorded. The disapora was when the Israelities dispersed from Israel and scattered, forming different communitties around the world. The jews had to leave because they were being persecuted. This leads to the writing down of there beliefs, preventing other forms of Judaism being created. This helped preserve Jewish teachings in fight of dispersing to odifferent areas of the world and also supported expansion of Judaism worldwide.
147
What is the second point for the 20 marker Analyse the significance of rabbinic Judaism for Jewish belief (20 marks)
Emphasizes that the Torah cannot be interpreted without referring to the oral Torah. From this the Halakah, was derived from this which greatly influenced by rabbinic literature. Very significant for Jewish belief because it allows Jews to know what type of behaviour is sanctioned by law e.g. kashrut rules. Therefore this allows Jewish people to the 613 mitvotzs.
148
What is the third point for the 20 marker Analyse the significance of rabbinic Judaism for Jewish belief (20 marks)
Rabbinic Judaism is very significant for Jewish belief due to great rabbis in its development who had significant impact through translations and interpretations. Talumd interpretations and commentaries attempts to stay true to to god as found in the Jewish bible. This carries great significance for its application to Jewish life.
149
What is the fourth point for the 20 marker Analyse the significance of rabbinic Judaism for Jewish belief (20 marks)
There are various types of Jewish literature associated with rabbinic Judaism, like the midrash which is a collection of commentaries and teachings of Jewish bible. This carries great significance for its application in daily life and therefore has had an impact on the way of life embraced by rabbinic Judaism.
150
Who was Judah Halevi?
He was a poet and a philosopher born in spain, at the time Spain was a Muslim country.
151
What are the poems called that Judah Halevi wrote?
Piyyutim (They are vibrant poems stressing the coming of the Messiah) He wrote 3350 Piyyutim which covered all Jewish festivals and special sabbaths.
152
Why does the Piyyutim play such significance for Jews and the diaspora?
He tried to show the pain and suffeing of Jews as they waited for the Messiah (meaningful Music
153
What book did Judah halevi reject?
The Kuzan (the book of argument and despsed faith), which was a rejection of Aristotelian philosophy.
154
What is a strength of his critique of Aristotelian philosophy?
Protects Abrahamic teachings and their faiths.
155
What is a weakeness of his critique of Aristotelian philosophy?
He has no consideration of individuals, especially ones who are not even religious and cannot change for God.
156
Explore the key ideas of Judah Halevi (8marks)? (1st paragraph pain and suffering)
One key idea of Judah Halevi is that he tried to show the pain and suffering of the Jews as they waited for the Messiah. This is shown through h the Pittyiums which are vibrant poems stressing the coming off the messiah. The poems play great significance because the poems are meaningful, reminding jews that despite the pain and suffering the Messiah will come and lift them out of the struggle. This links to Covenants with God, as they are the chosen people in order to go to heaven.
157
Explore the key ideas of Judah Halevi (8marks)? (2nd Aristotelian philosophy)
Another key idea of Halevi is that he believed in limiting the power of reason through philosophical systems and defended the teachings of Judaism. This is shown through the rejection of Aristotelian philosophy, He critiqued the book of Kuzan, this is because the book stated that we only do good for ourselves, we should develop virtues and get rid of vices in order to achieve Eudomonia. However Halevi believes we must change ourselves for the acceptance of God e.g worship. This is because he wanted to protect abrahmic teachings.Therefore he didn't want a non-existent jewish community, because he wanted preservation.
158
Where was Rashi born?
Troyes in France
159
Summarise Rashi's Background?
He lived in Troyes, the capital city of champagne, and learnt about banking and trade. He found a school when he returned to Troyes in 1065 and 1070, that attracted many pupils.
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What is Rashi known from?
He is one of the most influential Jewish commentators in history and he is best known works are his comphrensive commentaries on the Bible and the Babylon Talmud.
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Why did Rashi have a impact the Rabbinic development?
He had an impact in rabbinic development and the interpretations of scripture. His work has allowed Jews to be able to interpret the Talmud which Jews widely agree would have remained a closed book without Rashi's influence.
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Which parts of the Jewish bible did Rashi comment on?
Rashi commentated on almost all the books of the bible. He commentated on all of the books in the bible in order in which they appear in the Tenakh, but didn't complete the work.
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What was Rashi's main goal for his translations?
He wanted to add literal interpretation of the text to the French tradition of A Midrashic interpretation. At least 2 quarters of Rashi's comments are based on rabbinic sources.
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What is a Targum?
It means Translation
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In what ways did Targums play an important role in Jewish history?
It was important after the exile in Babylon. Aramaic had replaced Hebrew as the spoken language and so Targums were translations of the scriptures into Aramaic, making them more intelligible to worshippers.
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Which types of information did Rashi choose to dismiss when conducting commentaries?
He did not appear to be concerned with philosophical ideas and therefore was not required to reconcile them with Biblical views.
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What is the underlying benefit to Rashi's literalist approach in his commentaries?
Easier to be interpreted
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What is Rashi's most important work he did?
His commentatory of the Babylon Talmud. He believed the only acceptable explanation of the Mishnah was given by the Gemara, so he didn't give any further explanation.
