revision Flashcards
(45 cards)
what is munchausens syndrome (distortion of recall)
Dramatic, untrue and extremely improbably tales of their current physical state. Illnesses are feigned to draw attention, sympathy or to reassure themselves.
what is cryptomnesia?
it is memory bias where a person may falsely recall generating a thought, an idea, a song, a joke.
- How is autobiographical memory characterised?
- By general recall of an event, an interpretation of the event and a recall of specific details. Its associated with the active experience of remembering.
- What is disassociative amnesia?
- A sudden amnesia which occurs during periods of extreme trauma and can last for hours or days. The ability to maintain complex behaviours is maintained.
- What is diagnostic critera of dissassociative amnesia? (DSM 5)
- The patient is unable to recall important autobiographical information (usually of a traumatic nature – not consistent with ordinary forgetting). Dissassoiative amnesia is usually localised or selective. Dissasociative amnesia is no because of the effects of an substance e.g. alcohol or other drug abuse or medication or another condition. Dissacosiative amnesia also isn’t because of disorders such as dissasociative identity disorder.
- What are distortions of memory or paramnesias?
- Distortions of memory or paranesias are falsification of memory by distortion. It can be because of ‘normal forgetting’ or due to proactive or retroactive interface from newly acquired material. It can occur to those with emotional problems as well as in organic statues e.g. confabulation in alcoholism.
what is functional behaviour analysis? (DSM alternative)
idiosyncratic view of a persons problems antecedents and consequences. Looking for casual pathways between components.
what is research domain criteria (RDoC) - national institute of mental health (2012)
- agnostic on taxonomies
- a proposal to change the field in the next decade(s)
- a matrix of domains (constructs) x units of analysis
how can research on symptoms be better than just diagnosis?
- less ‘noise’ than when using categories
- closer to the real problem
- symptoms can contribute to many different diagnosis
- existing development in network analysis
what is research domain criteria (RDoC)
- not a diagnostic system - yet
- a transition proposal
- looks at dimensions that span disorders
- consider psychopathology as extremes of normal dimensions
what are circuits?
circuits are the measurements of particular circuits as studied by near imagie techniques or/and other measurements validated by animal models of functional neuroimaging (e.g. event related potential)
give some examples of constructs (individual entries) within domain
- negative valence systems (fear: amygdala, hippocampus)
- positive valence systems (approach motivation: mesolimbic dopamine pathway)
- cognitive systems (working memory: dorsolateral PFC and other areas in PFC - pre frontal cortex)
what are symptoms?
- avoids problems of diagnostic classification
- allows to investigate ignored phenomena
- facilities theoretical development
- isolates elements to be studied
- recognises normal pathological continuity
- allows empirically based improvements in classification
what are the symptoms of the network model?
symptoms co - occur because they cause each other, not because they are consequences of a common cause.
what are the four phases in the development of mental disorders Borsboom (2017).
Phase 1: Dormans network in a stable state
Phase 2: network activation
Phase 3: symptom spread
Phase 4: active network in stable state
what are some alternatives to the DSM?
- functional behavioural analysis
- individuals action of treatment
- employees on functioning and list of problems
what is abnormal psychology?
abnormal psychology is the descriptive and analytic study of behaviour, thoughts and mood that are outside of what is considered normal in a particular culture.
what are the four D’s of abnormality?
Distress
Dysfunction
Deviance
Danger
what does case formulation include?
why - predisponent, precipitant and maintaining factors
categorical diagnosis (DSM, CIE)
best treatment options: plans priorities, techniques etc.
prognosis - probable course according to circumstances (e.g. social support, stressors and difficulties)
In general what is case formulation?
its a theoretically - based explanation or conceptualisation of the information obtained from a clinical assessment
what are podromes (or precursors)
padrones or precursors are early signs and symptoms before the emergence of a clinical problem.
(often non specific e.g. headache)
what is Pathognomonic?
signs of symptoms characteristic for a particular disease. Their presence means that a particular disease or disorder is present beyond any doubt.
what is iatrogenic?
negative effects resulting from any activity supported to be beneficial to health
what were some early pharmatherapies?
Pre-19th century: – Laxatives – Opiates – Hellebore (purgative) – Morphine – Belladonna alkaloids – Chloral Hydrate (1832)
