Revision

Question 1

Kidney functions

Answer 1

Eryropeitin production-produces RBCs
Regulating arterial pressure
Acid /base balance
Water and electrolyte balance
Glucose synthesis
Excretion - metabolic waste products and foreign chemicals
Calcium excretion
Production of vit D

Question 2

Pre renal cause of acute renal failure

Answer 2

Hypovolaemia, decreased BP due to anaesthesia

Question 3

Intrinsic renal cause for acute renal failure

Answer 3

Poison affecting kidney cells themselves e. G ethylene glycol, lilies, e. Coli pyelonephritis (usually ascending from lower tract)

Question 4

Post renal acute renal failure

Answer 4

Blockage in ureter (urethral stone), blocked bladder, blocked d urethra, rupture of ureters or urethra

Question 5

Nutritional management for chronic renal failure

Answer 5

Suitable controlled protein
Low phosphorous
Palatable food
Phosphate binders eg. Ipakitine
Anti emetics, vit b, eryhthropoetin, electrolyte supplements usually potassium

Question 6

Care if obstructive feline lower urinary tract disease

Answer 6

Stabilise with iv fluids no potassium NOT HARTMANNS
Hyperkalaemia is a side effect of glomerular filtration ceasing due to back pressure of urine inside the kidney
Once stable, GA not sedation clip and surgical prep urethral area and vs will catheterise

Question 7

Diet in congestive heart failure

Answer 7

Moderate sodium restriction
Mild sodium restriction in sever heart failure
High quality protein
Potassium and magnesium can both impact negatively on heart rhythm and contractility when depleted.
Omega three fatty acids can be helpful to modulate effects of cardiac cachexia and may also have an anti arrhythmic effect

Question 8

Nutrition and kidney disease

Answer 8

Protein and phosphorous restriction
Protein restriction to minimise the load of urea on body that needs to be excreted by kidneys.
Increased blood urea due to poor renal excretion can lead to clinical signs associated with CRF like inapptence and vomiting