REVISION DECK

Question 1

Define: research method

Answer 1

A particular way of conducting a research study or investigation to collect data.

Question 2

2 advantages and disadvantages of experimental research

Answer 2

Observes cause-effect relationship
Precise conditions can be replicated

Can’t control extraneous variables
Some things can’t be measured in a lab

Question 3

Define: experiment

Answer 3

A type of research method used to test whether one variable influences or causes change in another variable.

Question 4

What are the 6 roles of HRECs

Answer 4

To assess and approve research proposals
Ensuring research and ethics are in line with the National Statement guidelines
Ensuring researchers are experienced and qualified, or supervised
Monitoring approved research
Handling complaints
Ensuring accountability of the research

Question 5

Define: informed consent

Answer 5

Participants must be informed of the nature of the study, the procedures used and the purpose of the study.
They must agree to take part and give written consent.

Question 6

What document contains ethical guidelines for research in psychology?

Answer 6

“National Statement On Ethical Conduct In Human Research” aka “National Statement”

Question 7

Requirements of people in HRECs?

Answer 7

Minimum of 8 people
Preferably an equal number of men and women
Atleast one third not belong to organisation in which research is conducted
2 people with relevant experience to proposal
1 lawyer
1 person who performs pastoral care in the community
1 person who is professionally qualified in caring for/counselling people
2 people who aren’t scientific/law/academic professionals

Question 8

What are 4 of the guidelines in the “Guidelines to promote the wellbeing of animals used for scientific purposes”?

Answer 8

Any animal research must be justified
Should only be subjected to harm if there is no other option
Animals to be anaesthetised if undergoing surgery
If to be killed, done in a quick and painless manner

Question 9

What do psychological assessments for mental disorders involve? (4 things)

Answer 9

Interviews conducted
Symptoms found using the DSM-5
DIagnosis is made
Treatment/management plan made

Question 10

Define: DSM-5

Answer 10

A system for diagnosing and classifying mental disorders based on recognisable symptoms that are precisely described

Question 11

Define: non-psychotic illness

Answer 11

Individual remains in touch with reality despite dysfunctional thoughts, feelings and behaviours

Question 12

Define: psychological dysfunction

Answer 12

A breakdown in cognitive, emotional and/or behavioural functioning, in which a person’s thoughts, feelings or behaviours differ to what would usually be expected

Question 13

Define: mental health problem

Answer 13

An issue that can affect the mind and behaviour, but is usually short term.

Question 14

Define: lifespan development

Answer 14

Age-related changes that occur from birth, throughout a person’s life and into and during old age.

Question 15

Define: continuous development

Answer 15

Developmental changes that occur in separate stages, and have an identifiable start and end point

Question 16

Define: continous development

Answer 16

Developmental changes which are gradual and ongoing, with behaviour in earlier stages providing skills for the nezxt

Question 17

Describe social development

Answer 17

Changes in relationships

eg. ability to form them and interactions

Question 18

Describe cognitive development

Answer 18

Changes in mental abilities

Question 19

Describe emotional development

Answer 19

Changes in how a person experiences feelings

eg. expressing, interpreting and dealing with

Question 20

Define: heredity

Answer 20

transmission of characteristics from biological parents to their offspring via genes at the time of conception

Question 21

Define: maturation

Answer 21

Orderly and sequential developmental changes which occur on the nervous system and other bodily structures controlled by our genes.

Question 22

Define the sensorimotor stage

Answer 22

Understanding of the world is constructed through the coordination of sensory experiences and motor abilities

Question 23

Define the pre-operational stage

Answer 23

Development of ability to internally represent events

Question 24

Define the concrete operational stage

Answer 24

Revolves around what they know and what they can experience through their senses

Question 25

Defien the formal operational stage

Answer 25

More complex thought processes/sophisticated thinking become evident

Question 26

Define reversibility

Answer 26

The ability to follow a line of reasoning back to its original point

Question 27

Define: conservation

Answer 27

An object does not change in weight mass, volume or area when the object changes its shape or size

Question 28

Define: centration

Answer 28

The ability to focus on one quality or feature at a time

Question 29

Piaget’s theory: stages and key accomplishments?

Answer 29

Sensorimotor stage
-Goal directed behaviour
-Object permanence
Pre-operational stage 
-Transformation
-Reversibility
-Animism
-Centration
-Egocentrism/decentring
Concrete operational stage
-Conservation
-Classification
Formal operational stage
-Abstract thinking
-Logical thinking

Question 30

Define: preconventional level

Answer 30

Choices based primarily around rules set by authority figures

Question 31

Define: conventional level

Answer 31

Become considerate about the thoughts and feelings of others
Adopted moral values
Seek to obey rules set by others

Question 32

Define: post conventional level

Answer 32

True morality; guided by conscience and does not necessarily match laws.

Question 33

What are the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain responsible for?

Answer 33

Forebrain: thinking, planning and resonses to sensory stimulus
Midbrain: motor responses (some reflex responses)
Hindbrain: involuntary survival functions

Question 34

Describe all sub-sections of the nervous system

Answer 34

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (brain and spinal chord)
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (everything except brain and spinal chord)
-Somatic nervous system (voluntary movement)
-Autonomic nervous system (involuntary movement)
-Sympathetic nervous system (increases arousal)
-Parasympathetic nervous system (decreases arousal following activation)

Question 35

Define: flight or fight response

Answer 35

Type of response that prepares the body to deal with a potential threat by confronting it or avoiding it.

Question 36

Define: random allocation

Answer 36

Each participant has an equal chance of being allocated to the experimental group or control group

Question 37

Define: observational study

Answer 37

A research method which involves watching and describing behaviour as it occurs