REVISION FOR TEST

Question 1

What makes up the processor?

Answer 1

Register, CU, ALU

Question 2

What are the 2 tasks of components in a computer system?

Answer 2

Adding, storing

Question 3

What are the functions of the processors

Answer 3

The fetch, decode, execute cycle

Question 4

What is a register?

Answer 4

A temporary data store that holds the current instruction to be executed having been fetched from memory

Question 5

What is the ALU?

Answer 5

The process and manipulation of data. Normally consists of arithmetic operations or logical comparisons that allows a program to make a decision

Question 6

What is the CU?

Answer 6

Fetches each instructions in sequence, decode it and then synchronises it before executing it. Sends control signals to other parts of the computer

Question 7

What is the Von Neumann Bottleneck?

Answer 7

Limitation between the CPU and RAM is lower than the speed the CPU can process data

Question 8

What is the Von Neumann Architecture?

Answer 8

When the data and the software are stored in RAM. The task being carried out by the computer can be changed by loading a different piece of memory

Question 9

When is the Bottleneck created?

Answer 9

When the instructions are fetched at the same time as data operations on the same memory and bus system

Question 10

What is the first step of the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle?

Answer 10

The PC displays the next address in RAM of the next instruction to be processed

This value is copied into the MAR

Question 11

What is the second step of the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle?

Answer 11

The PC Register increases by 1

This prepares the CPU for the next instruction to be fetched

Question 12

What is the third step of the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle?

Answer 12

The CPU checks the address in RAM which matches the address held in the MAR

Question 13

What is the fourth step of the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle?

Answer 13

The instruction in RAM is transferred to the MDR

Question 14

What is the fifth step of the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle?

Answer 14

The instruction in the MDR is copied into the CIR

Question 15

What is the sixth step of the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle?

Answer 15

The instruction in the CIR is decoded and executed

Any result of the execution is stored in the ACC

Question 16

What are the 7 stages of the SDLC?

Answer 16

1. Feasibility study
2. Analysis
3. Design
4. Create
5. Test
6. Changeover
7. Maintenance

Question 17

What are the 2 approaches?

Answer 17

Agile, waterfall

Question 18

What are the 4 main fact finding methods?

Answer 18

Observation, questionnaire, document collecting, interview

Question 19

How do computers communicate with each other?

Answer 19

Using a protocol suite (TCP/IP protocol)

Question 20

How many layers are in the protocol suite?

Answer 20

4

Question 21

What do the layers do in the protocol suite?

Answer 21

Each layer depicts what task is carried out by which protocol

Each layer has more than 1 protocol

Question 22

What is the application layer?

Answer 22

Allows the user to create messages that can be sent across the internet using a number of protocols

Any application will need the data to be formatted

Question 23

What is the transport layer?

Answer 23

Controls the flow of data across the internet

Breaks messages down into packets

Checks the packets have arrived safely

Question 24

What is the internet layer?

Answer 24

Delivers messages based on the address

Routes data between networks

Ensures relevant data is added to each packet (destination address, source address, packet number etc)

Question 25

What is the network interface layer?

Answer 25

Physical connection that allows packets to be sent from one network interface to another Determines how data is physically transmitted along a network

Question 26

What protocols are in the Application Layer?

Answer 26

HTTP FTP POP IMAP SMTP SNMP

Question 27

What protocols are in the Transport Layer?

Answer 27

ICP UDP

Question 28

What protocols are in the Internet Layer?

Answer 28

IP ICMP

Question 29

What protocols are in the Network Interface Layer?

Answer 29

MAC Ethernet

Question 30

What is TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)?

Answer 30

Establishes connections between devices on a network, guarantees packets reach their destination

Question 31

What is UDP (User Data Protocol)?

Answer 31

Sets up networks (like a TCP), doesn't guarantee the arrival of a packet, faster than TCP "Fire and Forget"

Question 32

What is IP (Internet Protocol)?

Answer 32

Determines fields of information to be sent in packets (source address, destination address, packet number etc)

Question 33

What is SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)?

Answer 33

Mail server which stores sent mail until the user is online

Question 34

What is POP3 (Post Office Protocol)?

Answer 34

Allows users to receive mail from the mail server Downloads the mail from the server

Question 35

What is FTP (File Transfer Protocol)?

Answer 35

Controls how files are sent over the network

Question 36

What is HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)?

Answer 36

Determines how the files that make up webpages are exchanged

Question 37

What is SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)?

Answer 37

Allows certain administrative devices to see information about the devices connected to a network

Question 38

What is ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)?

Answer 38

Handles transmission errors, alerts devices to any errors that have occurred and specifies the issue

Question 39

What is a Network Standard?

Answer 39

Set of rules that allow different types of hardware to work together sending/receiving data

Question 40

What would happen without network standards?

Answer 40

Different brands wouldn't be compatible with each other. We wouldn't be able to send/view different formats (sending a PDF to someone without a PDF reader)

Question 41

What do protocols allow?

Answer 41

Allows different devices to communicate with each other (computer to printer)