Revision notes

Question 1

define the term autosome

Answer 1

every chromosome in a gamete and somatic cell that is not a sex cell.

Question 2

what is another word for a somatic cell?

Answer 2

Diploid cell

Question 3

what is another word for a gamete cell?

Answer 3

Haploid cell

Question 4

How are nucleotide groups arranged in?

Answer 4

A double helix

Question 5

state three ways homologous chromosomes are the same.

Answer 5

-their length is the same
-centromere appears in the same location
-the pattern of the genes is in the same order down their length.

Question 6

what are the 3 components that make up a nucleotide group?

Answer 6

-nitrogen rich base
-deoxyribose sugar
-phosphate group

Question 7

what are TWO ways genes differ?

Answer 7

-their length can change
-combination of base pairs (arrangement of A and T, C and G)

Question 8

state the term used to describe different versions of the same gene?

Answer 8

Alleles.

Question 9

how many daughter cells are produced by the mitosis process?

Answer 9

2 genetically identical cells.

Question 10

how many daughter cells are produced by the meiosis process?

Answer 10

4 genetically unique cells.

Question 11

What does A stand for in the mitosis/meiosis method?

Answer 11

Anaphase (Apart)

Question 12

Where does meiosis process take place in females?

Answer 12

Ovaries.

Question 13

what is the term given to a condensed form of DNA when preparing to replicate.

Answer 13

Chromosome

Question 14

what is the term used to describe a large molecule made up of many smaller repeated units.

Answer 14

Polymer

Question 15

how do you spell this?
adinene
adenine
adenine
adinine

Answer 15

Adenine

Question 16

How does DNA replicate using the unzip method

Answer 16

The DNA double helix begins to unzip from the top this exposes the nitrogen rich bases to the rest of the nucleus. free nucleotide groups within the nucleus begin to hydrogen bond with their complimentary base pair (A,T and G,C). this process continues down the length of the DNA molecule until there are two identical DNA strands. Finally the phosphate groups and the deoxyribose sugar groups chemically bond together to form the outer two spirals of the DNA polymer.

Question 17

What is the process of one cell dividing to make two identical cells?

Answer 17

mitosis

Question 18

what is the rule that describes how nitrogen rich bases bond with another.

Answer 18

Complimentary base pairs

Question 19

State one job that the special complex molecules perform.

Answer 19

Move/Create chemicals

Question 20

half of a chromosome is called…

Answer 20

Chromatid

Question 21

what is in the middle of a chromatid

Answer 21

Centromere

Question 22

two components that make up a chromosome

Answer 22

DNA and Protein

Question 23

Phosphate and deoxyribose groups are chemically bonded together.
true or false

Answer 23

True

Question 24

are G and A complimentary base pairs?

Answer 24

No, A can only bond with T, and G can only bond with C.

Question 25

what is the first step on DNA replication?

Answer 25

Double helix begins to unzip

Question 26

DNA for an turtle adenine is 28% what are G, C, and T.

Answer 26

Guanine is 22% Thymine is 28% Cytosine is 22% As all of the bases have to add up to 100%.

Question 27

Chromatid is 2 strands of a chromosome after replication. True or false.

Answer 27

False, as a chromatid is one strand of chromosome after replication.

Question 28

2n can be called...

Answer 28

A diploid/somatic cell

Question 29

what is the last chromosome in a human cell?

Answer 29

A sex chromosome that determines the gender.

Question 30

meiosis is the process used to...

Answer 30

create more gamete cells.

Question 31

what is the first step in the mitosis/meiosis cycle?

Answer 31

Prophase.

Question 32

in mitosis how do the chromosome line up in metaphase

Answer 32

One on top of the other down the middle of the cell

Question 33

how does an uncondensed chromosome form back to a chromosome.

Answer 33

to form back to a chromosome it coils tightly around proteins called histone.

Question 34

do gamete cells come in pairs?

Answer 34

no, gamete cells are single and can be called n.

Question 35

homologues meaning?

Answer 35

DNA that is similar or identical to an other chromosome.

Question 36

what does Allele do

Answer 36

gene instruction but can be different for example eye colour.

Question 37

homologues have the same underlying structure but different appearances and functions. true or false

Answer 37

True

Question 38

A sheep has 54 chromosomes in each muscle cell. what is its diploid and haploid number?

Answer 38

Diploid = 54 Haploid = 27