Revision: Term 1, First Year

Question 1

Right visual field

Answer 1

Sperry’s split brain
Reports words (reading) (RVFA for words)
Projects to left hemisphere

Question 2

Global aphasia

Answer 2

Impaired speech production and comprehension

Damage to Broca and Wernicke’s areas

Question 3

Amygdala

Answer 3

Limbic system structure

Involved in emotionally charged memory encoding

Question 4

Occipital lobe

Answer 4

Mostly given over to visual cortex

Receives input from pathways arising from visual receptors of eye

Question 5

Dizygotic twins

Answer 5

Aka: Fraternal twins
Develop fro two different eggs
Genetically different

Question 6

Noradrenaline

Answer 6

Synaptic neurotransmitter
Lowers levels associated with depression
Involved in regulation of sleep
Released from adrenal medulla as part of peripheral arousal response

Question 7

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 7

Inability to recall previously learned material

Ex: Clive Wearing

Question 8

Immune system

Answer 8

Natural immunity - macrophages in blood stream

Specific immunity - cellular and humoral

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

Elongated process conducting nerve impulses away from soma

Question 10

Reticular formation

Answer 10

Found in brainstem (medulla and pons and extends up into midbrain)
Involved in regulateing arousal and sleep
Millions of interlinked short-axon neurons
Functions to regulate arousal level of the cortex

Question 11

HM

Answer 11

Temporal lobe amnesia
Anterograde amnesia with patchy retrograde
Tested using serial position curve: showed no primacy effect, but a recency effect

Question 12

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 12

Concentrated in the Diencephalon (dorsomedial thalamus)

Question 13

Sperry’s split brain

Answer 13

Based on the fact that the left visual field projects to right hemisphere

Question 14

Magnocellular pathway from the thalamus to visual cortex carries:

Answer 14

Information about movement

Question 15

Concordance rate

Answer 15

Probability of an individual developing the disorder if they are the monozygotic twin of someone with the disorder

Question 16

Adrenal cortex

Answer 16

In stress-related arousal, releases corticosterone

Part of adrenal gland under hormonal control

Question 17

Conduction aphasia

Answer 17

Cannot repeat words spoken to them (“Shadowing” experiments)

Caused by damage to arcuate fasiculus

Question 18

Broca’s area

Answer 18

In the frontal lobe

Patient, Tan: production aphasia (motor/expressive)

Question 19

Primary motor cortex

Answer 19

Found in precentral gyrus (of frontal lobe)

Question 20

Phineas Gage

Answer 20

Damage to frontal lobe

Suffered changes to personality after damage

Question 21

Postcentral gyrus

Answer 21

In frontal lobe
Important for processing sensory input from the body senses
Houses the somatosensory cortex

Question 22

Hippocampus in rats

Answer 22

Important in spatial memory (navigation)

Question 23

Left hemisphere functions

Answer 23

Analytical and sequential processor

Temporally-coded stimuli

Question 24

Right hemisphere functions

Answer 24

Parallel and gestalt processor

Spatially-coded stimuli

Question 25

Optic chiasma

Answer 25

Point at which half the pathways from the left eye cross over to the right side of the brain and half the pathways from the right eye cross over to the left side

Question 26

Angular gyrus

Answer 26

Reading and writing

Question 27

Dorsal stream of the visual system

Answer 27

Location in space

Question 28

Pituitary gland

Answer 28

In stress-related arousal, releases adrenocorticotrophic hormone

Question 29

Chronic stress causes:

Answer 29

Downregulation of both natural immunity and specific immunity

Question 30

Wernicke's area

Answer 30

``` Located in temporal lobe Receptive aphasia (lack of comprehension) ```

Question 31

Precentral gyrus

Answer 31

General body senses are processed in somatosensory cortex here

Question 32

Clive Wearing

Answer 32

Severe anterograde and regrograde amnesia

Question 33

Orientation columns

Answer 33

Found in visual cortex

Question 34

Temporal lobe

Answer 34

Contains auditory cortex and association areas | Temporal lobe amnesia is mainly an anterograde amnesia (i.e. H.M.)

Question 35

Dopamine

Answer 35

DA Synaptic neurotransmitter Decreased DA activity is associated with Parkinson's diseases Increased DA activity is associated with schizophrenia

Question 36

Ventral stream

Answer 36

What is this?!

Question 37

Pure word blindness

Answer 37

Alexia with agraphia

Question 38

fMRI

Answer 38

Functional magnetic resonance imaging Measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow Relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled