Revolution Flashcards
(42 cards)
Friedrich von Steuben
- Prussian military captain
- trained Continentals to be regular soldier
Marquis de Lafayette
- French aristocrat
- used influence to get French soldiers for reinforcement
What was Britain’s new strategy in 1778?
shift operations South and gain Loyalist support and move North
General Cornwallis
- British
- captured Savannah and Charlestown
- took 5,500 soldiers as P.O.W.s
General Nathanael Greene
- American
- weakens British using retreat methods
- battles in Carolines to take 25% of British troops
- pleads with Lafayette to move to VA
The Battle of Yorktown
American attacked at the Chesapeake Bay in 1781 (where Lafayette was waiting for them because they had a spy on the inside, Hercules Mulligan). They shot continuously for days until the British surrendered on Oct 19, 1781
Treaty of Paris 1783
- Britain recognizes America’s independence
- American take land from Atlantic to Mississippi
- did not specify when British would evacuate
Egalitarianism
- war brings different social classes together
- belief in equality of all people
- effort and virtue matter more than money and family connections
- only applied to white males
Colonial Rights as an Englishmen
- due process of law
- freedom of the press
- trial by jury
- protection from foreign attack
British democracy
- wealth and birth determined by power and status
- there was no formal charter outlining citizen rights
- only 1/4 of British males could vote
- Parliament claimed virtual representation allowing it to make laws for all British subjects
Colonial Democracy
- most colonies had elected assemblies
- these charters outlined individual rights
- colonial assemblies controlled royal governor by withholding their salaries if displeased
- most males could vote for members of Parliament
What are a few of the things that happened after the French and Indian war?
- the war raised Britain’s debt. Defending the colonies was expensive
- people in Britain already paid higher taxes
- by collecting taxes and paying royal governors directly, Parliament could take control away from the colonial assemblies
Parliament reasoning
- parliament represented, and could tax and subject
- Other citizens could not vote but still paid taxes
- the revenue was necessary
- the colonist could afford to pay their share
- the colonist were selfish and narrow-minded
Sugar Act
- 1764
- assigned customs officers and special courts to collect taxes and prosecute smugglers
Quartering Act
- 1765
- required colonist to provided housing and supplies for British soldiers
Stamp Act
- 1765
- taxed printed materials, such as newspapers, books, and contracts
How did the colonist protest intellectually?
- argued that government was a social contract
- advocate natural rights (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness)
- wrote articles and essays
How did the colonist protest economically?
- DARs wore only homespun clothing
- nonimportation agreements called for boycott of goods from Britain
How did colonist protest violently?
- rebels tarred and feathered tax collectors
- mobs destroyed the governor’s home and assaulted royal officers
Who did the Quakers support?
the Patriots but did not fight
Who did the African Americans support and why?
They sided with the British because they promised them freedom if they won
Who did the Natives support and why?
the British because they felt as if the British were a smaller threat to their land and could protect them
Who embraced the patriot cause?
farmers, artisans, merchants, landowners and elected officials
Pro War View
John Adams argued:
- colonies should establish a gov and declare independence from Britain
- colonies adopt MA militia as the Continental Army
- appoint general to lead Continental army
- Peace
