rggggg Flashcards
(18 cards)
Who is known as the father of Mendelian genetics?
Gregor Johann Mendel
What year did Mendel publish his major postulates of transmission genetics?
1866
What organism did Mendel use for his genetic studies?
Garden pea (Pisum sativum)
What are the discrete units of inheritance proposed by Mendel called?
Unit factors
What is a monohybrid cross?
A cross involving only one pair of contrasting traits.
What do the P1, F1, and F2 generations represent?
P1 is the parental generation, F1 is the first filial generation, and F2 is the second filial generation.
What was the result of Mendel’s cross between tall and dwarf plants in the F1 generation?
The F1 generation consisted only of tall plants.
What did Mendel observe in the F2 generation after selfing the F1 plants?
787 of 1064 F2 plants were tall, while 277 were dwarf.
What are Mendel’s first three postulates?
- Unit Factors in Pairs
- Dominance/Recessiveness
- Segregation
What does the term ‘phenotype’ refer to?
The physical appearance of a trait.
What are alleles?
Alternative forms of a single gene.
What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?
Homozygous has two identical alleles, while heterozygous has two different alleles.
What does a Punnett square illustrate?
All possible random fertilization events.
What is a testcross?
A method to distinguish genotype by crossing an organism with a dominant phenotype to a known homozygous recessive individual.
What is a dihybrid cross?
A cross involving two pairs of contrasting traits.
What does Mendel’s postulate of independent assortment state?
During gamete formation, segregating pairs of unit factors assort independently of each other.
What is a trihybrid cross?
A cross involving three pairs of contrasting traits.
What is a pedigree?
A family tree indicating the presence or absence of a trait in each member of each generation.
