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BB LECT (midterm) > Rh G > Flashcards

Rh G Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

G antigen is present on most ___ and all ___ RBCs

A

most D-positive and all C-positive

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2
Q

G antigen results from the amino acid serine at position 103 on the __

A

RhD, RhCe, and RhCE

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3
Q

all ___ and ___ cells are G positive

A

C positive and D positive

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4
Q

G antigen are originally found in an rr person who received ____ RBCs

A

D+
C-
E-
c+
e+

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5
Q

t or f: amino acids encoded by exon 2 of RHC are identical to those encoded by exon 2 of RHCe

A

false, identical to those encoded by exon of RHD

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6
Q

t or f: there are some cases where Rh negative individual who received Rh negative blood still reacted

A

TRUE.

the donor was C positive and thus G+ and the antibody produced is actually anti-G not anti D and anti-C.

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7
Q

G antigen is important for ___ patients because production of anti-G also is a candidate for RhIG

A

obstetric patients

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8
Q

if the obstetric patient has produced anti-G and not anti-D, then she is considered a candidate for?

A

RhIG

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9
Q

ability of a particular substance (antigen or epitope) to provoke an immune response to the body of a human or animal

A

immunogenecity

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10
Q

immunogenecity of Rh

A

D > c > E > C > e

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11
Q

enumerate the Rh functions

A
  • structural integrity of red cells
  • ammonia and CO2 transporters
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12
Q

about 1% of D-positive individuals type as ___

A

weak D

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13
Q

weak D is formerly known as?

A

Du

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14
Q

test requirement for people with RBC that possess D antigen

A

indirect antiglobulin test

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15
Q

serologic weak D is noted when initial anti-D testing is ___

A

negative or less than or equal to 2+ strong

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16
Q

t or f: D positive RBCs fail to agglutinate directly with anti-D typing reagents

A

true

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17
Q

not a new antigen because people did not produce anti-Du but anti-D

A

weak D (Du type)

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18
Q

t or f: individuals with RBCs carrying partial D antigen cannot produce anti-D if they are missing epitopes of the D antigen

A

false, it can produce

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19
Q

enumerate the weak D types

A
  • position effect
  • quantitative
  • partial-D antigen
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20
Q

this mechanism of D antigen is that the Rh antigen on RBC is normal (D antigen is structurally complete), but the steric arrangement of the C antigen in relationship to the D antigen appears to interfere with the expression of D antigen.

A

position effect - C in trans to RHD

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21
Q

people with this blood type can receive D positive RBCs

A

position effect - C in trans to RHD

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22
Q

in this mechanism, red cells fails to react or reacts weakly to agglutination tests (but will react in IAT)

A

weak D quantitative

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23
Q

this is from the inheritance of RHD genes that code for weakened expression of the D antigen

A

weak D quantitative

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24
Q

mutations in the RHD gene occur causing changes in ___ present in transmembrane region of the RHD protein, causing conformational changes in the protein

A

changes in amino acids

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25
mutation in RHD gene causing conformation changes in the?
protein
26
T or F: in position effect, the changes does not alter or remove any D epitopes, therefore, production of anti-Rh is not possible
false, **quantitative**
27
production of anti-Rh is not possible in what category of weak D?
quantitative
28
changes of amino acids are observed "inside" the red cells, therefore, **antibody production is less likely** what category/type of weak D?
quantitative
29
weak forms of D antigen is less immunogenic than the ___
normal D positive blood
30
weak D **quantitative** is common in?
blacks
31
in this mechanism/type, one or more D epitopes within the entire D protein is *missing or altered*
partial D / D mosaic / D variant
32
partial D is also called ___
D mosaic or D variant
33
weaker or may not react at all (but some have normal reaction) identify the type.
partial D
34
T or F: in 1970s, individuals who were type D-positive but produced an anti-D that reacted with all D-positive samples except their own
false, 1950s
35
they postulated that the D antigen is made of antigenic subparts, genetically determined, that could be absent in rare instances
Wiener and Unger
36
if an individual lacks one or more epitopes, of the total D antigen, this antibody can be made to the missing epitopes if exposed to the RBCs that possess the complete D antigen
alloantibody
37
persons who classified the antigens
Patricia Tippett and Ruth Sanger
38
they tested anti-D sera from D positive people with RBCs from other D-positive people who also made anti-D
Patricia Tippett and Ruth Sanger
39
Patricia Tippett and Ruth Sanger used this antibodies to classify
monoclonal (MAb-D) antibodies
40
this type has 7 categories with assigned roman numerals
partial D
41
t or f: serologic typing and molecular analysis are not required to accurately categorize the partial-D types
false, **required**
42
Partial D antigens are classified and are attributed to hybrid genes resulting from portions of the __ being replaced by portions of the ___ gene
portions of the **RHD gene** being replaced by portions of the **RHCE gene**
43
resulting protein contains a portion of RhD and RhCE in various combinations
partial D
44
partial D occurs __ to the RBC membrane
external
45
what particular location does partial D occur in the RBC membrane?
extracellular loop or portion to the RhD protein
46
if an individual with hybrid **RhD-RhCe-RhD protein** is exposed to RBCs possessing normal RhD protein, what will they make?
antibody to the portion of the RhD protein they are missing
47
anti-D made by individuals expressing partial D can cause?
- hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn - hemolytic transfusion reactions
48
once anti-D is identified, what will blood will you use for transfusion?
Rh negative
49
RhCE protein can express ___ detected by some monoclonal anti-D
RhD epitopes
50
few individuals possess these unusual proteins
RhCE protein
51
t or f: anti-D will show negative reactivity even though the D epitope is on the RhCE protein
false, will show **positive** reactivity
52
examples of unusual phenotypes who possess these unusual proteins and will show *positive reactivity even though D epitope is on the RhCE protein*
- DHAR - CeCF (Crawford)
53
R0Har "DHAR" results from what hybrid gene?
RHCE-RHD-RHCE
54
in this phenotype, only a small portion of RHD is inserted into the RHCE gene
R0Har "DHAR"
55
R0Har "DHAR" if paired to a normal RHD gene, the person will have Rh?
Rh-positive
56
these individuals should be classified as RhD-negative since they lack **RhD protein** what phenotype?
R0Har "DHAR"
57
what RH is the Crawford phenotype?
RH34 pero RH43 kang sir :>
58
this phenotype are found in individuals of African descent
Crawford antigen (ceCF)(Rh34)
59
Crawford antigen (ceCF)(Rh43) is due to ___ a. small portion of RHD is inserted b. specific amino acid change
due to **specific amino acid change** in the RhCE sequence
60
results for an RhD epitope on the RhCE protein, what phenotype?
Crawford antigen (ceCF)(Rh43)
61
this phenotype has very low prevalence
Crawford antigen (ceCF)(Rh43)
62
Phenotype in individuals whose RBCs possess an extremely low number of D antigen sites that *most reagent anti-D are unable to detect*
Del (el is naa sa ubos)
63
only way to detect the D antigen in Del phenotype
adsorbing and eluting anti-D
64
Mutant, RHD gene that alters expression of the RhD protein identify what phenotype
Del
65
Del is due to splice site mutation or deletion that results in the absence of amino acids encoded by what exon?
**exon 9** of RHD in Asians (or M295I mutation in whites)
66
this phenotype is common in Asian (10-30% population)
Del
67
Del phenotype has high incidence in people?
- Hong kong - Chinese - Japanes
68
this phenotype may be typed as D negative and can be found only when they stimulate production of anti-D in D negative individuals
Del
69
process of gathering/pulling molecules onto the surface employed in Del phenotype
Adsorbing
70
process of removing molecules from a source or cellular entity. employed in Del phenotype
elution
71
in Del phenotype, the Red Cells are incubated with __ at ___.
anti-D at 37C gives time to anti-D to bind the antigens present
72
Del phenotype what is adsorbed? what is eluted?
adsorbed = **red cells** eluted = **anti-D**

BB LECT (midterm) (6 decks)

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