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rhetoric Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

invention

A

the discovery of argumentsand strategies appropriate to the subject matterand context

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2
Q

arrangement

A

the disposition of arguments, topics, emotional appeals, etc. within the speechor case

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3
Q

Style

A

transformation of argumentsand strategies into language

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4
Q

memory

A

memorization of the deatails and contents, in many instancesverbatim language for the speech

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5
Q

performance/delivery

A

cultivation of voice. Gesture, and demeanor for purpose of presenting speech and speaker effectively

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6
Q

deliberative oratory

A

aimed at persuading for or agains a proposed course of action

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7
Q

judicial oratory

A

delivered in context of trial or to analyze a point of law, or to argue a point as though it were law

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8
Q

Demonstrative oratory

A

to demonstrate eithergood or bad features of the subject under consideration, applies to :individuals groups even abstractions

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9
Q

Ethos

A

mode of persuasion based on character of those involved, mmaybe explicit or implicit

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10
Q

Logos

A

mode of persuasion based on reasoning, analysis, and argument as built by the speaker

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11
Q

Pathos

A

mode of persuasion based upon the emotions of the audience as evoked by the speaker

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12
Q

conjecture

A

stance toward topic “did it happen?”

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13
Q

Definition

A

stance toward topic”does it fit the charge?”

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14
Q

Quality

A

stance toward topic: is there an aspect that diqualifies it from”the charge”`

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15
Q

Tranference

A

stance toward topic:was it the fault of someone else? Either directly or inderectly

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16
Q

Intent

A

stance toward topic : did the accused intend the outcome what is the relationship between the language and the intent of the law

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17
Q

Equity

A

Stance toward topic: does the law as writeen and interpreted correspond to a general sense of fairness

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18
Q

Syllogism

A

a stance toward topic: was the specific situation considered by the lawmakers when the law was made, maybe there was a broader intent

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19
Q

ambiguity

A

stance toward topic: is the law being applied ambiguous or vague

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20
Q

topoi

A

Greek for topics are the places to look for arguments, looking for positive attributes for positive oration

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21
Q

Apostrophe

A

figure of thought: adress to an absent person or god

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22
Q

dubitatio

A

figure of thought: intentional expression of uncertainty or confusion on part of speaker

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23
Q

hyperbole

A

figure of thought: purposeful overstatement or exaggeration

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24
Q

interragatio

A

figure of thought: rhetorical question

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25
subiectio
figure of thought: mock dialogue
26
oxymoron
figure of thought: linking of seemingly contradictory terms
27
sermocinatio
figure of thought: speaking in the character of another person
28
sententia
figure of thought: a general idea formualted in a concise sentence (gnome)
29
praeteritio
figure of thought: mentioning things a speaker will leave out so as to call more attention to them (paraleipsis)
30
anaphora
Figure of language: repetition of a word at the beginning of successive words or phrases
31
epiphora
Figure of language: repetition of a word at the end of successive senences or phrases
32
polyptoton
Figure of language: repetition of the same word with different inflections
33
asyndeton
Figure of language: asyndeton omission of conjunctions where normally expected
34
polysyndeton
Figure of language: repetition of conjunctionsto a greater extent than necessary
35
hyperbaton
Figure of language: placement of a word far from its normal position in a phrase or sentence
36
isocolon
Figure of language: cunstruction of successive phrases of the same length
37
Metaphor
trope: an implied comparison; substitution of a word or phrase from another semasntic realm
38
metonymy
trope: replacement of a word or group of words by another that has some relationshipof meaning
39
synecdoche
trope: replacement of a word or group of wordsby a word that refers to a part of the object described
40
antonomosia
trope: the use of separate words to express a proper name
41
litotes
trope: deliberate understatement, also a figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating it's opposite
42
hyperbole
trope: deliberate overstatement
43
Ironia
trope: irony
44
anadiplosis
repetition in the first part of a phrase or sentence of aprominent word from a preceding phrase or sentence
45
anastrophe
inversion of the usual order of words or clauses
46
antistrophe
repetition of words in reverse order or repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses
47
antithesis
device in which two opposite ideas are put togetherin a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect
48
Aporia
figure of speech wherein the speaker expresses (often feigned) doubtor perplexity regarding a question, and asks the audiencehow he/she should proceed often rhetorical questions near the beginning
49
aposiopesis
a sudden breaking off in the middle of a sentence as though the speaker is unwilling or unable to continue
50
brachyology
brevity of speech , a shortened or condensed phrase
51
catachresis
the missapplication of a word or phrase, incorrect use of wordds
52
chiasmus
rhetorical inversion of the second of two parrallel structures
53
climax
the final statement in a group of statements of ascending rhetorical intensity
54
ellipse
figure of speech omission of one or more words from a clause whose remaining elements would otherwise require it/them
55
enallage
the substitution of one word with a word of same or similar meaning but with different grammatical form
56
euphemism
substitution of a milder or indirect expression for one thought to be offensive or blunt
57
hendiadis
rhetorical device by which two nouns are joined by a conjunction and are used instead of a noun with a modifier
58
homoio telueton
two lines of verse which end with words having the same ending
59
hypallage
figure of speech in which the natural relationship of two words are interchanged
60
hypophora
figure of speech in which speaker poses then answersa question
61
hysteron proteron
figure of speech in which the rational order of two terms is reversed, also logical fallacy of assuming true and using as a premise a proposition that has not been proven yet
62
onomatopoeia
words that immitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to
63
paraleipsis
mentioning a thing that the speaker is going to leave out of the discussion so as to draw more attention to it (praeteritio)
64
parechesis
repetition of the same sound in several wordsin close proximityor succession
65
parisosis
when clauses have very similar length as measured by syllablessometimes equivalent of isocolon
66
paromoiosis
parrallel of sounds between wordsof two clauses approxamately equal in sizecan occur anywhere in clauses unlike homoioteleuton which occurs only at the end
67
paronomasia
word play esp punning
68
periphrasis
a roundabout way of expressing something circumlocution
69
pleonasm
redundancy; superfluous words or phrases, use of more words than necessary
70
pregnans constuctio
a form of brachyology in which clauses or expressions are condensed into one
71
prolepsis
anticipation of objections that are then answered in advance
72
symploce
repetition of a wordor phrase at the beginning and at then at the end of successive clauses
73
zeugma
use of a word to govern or modify two words when it is only applicable to one of them
74
ad absurdum
Logical Fallacy: disproof of a propostion by showing it leads to an absurd or untenable result
75
ad antiquitatem
Logical Fallacy: appeal to tradition or common practice
76
ad hominem
Logical Fallacy: claim or argument rejected based on irrelevant fact about the author or presenter
77
ad hominem tu quoque
Logical Fallacy: appeal to hypocrisy, intends to discredit opponent's position by asserting a failure of the opponent to act consistently by that position
78
ad ignorantium
Logical Fallacy: appeal to ignorance asserts that a proposition is true or false because the opposite hasn't been proven
79
ad metum
Logical Fallacy: appeal to fear attempts to gain support for a proposition by attempting to create or increase prejudice or fear of the opposition
80
ad miserricordian
Logical Fallacy: appeal to pity attempts to gain support by appealing to (oppenent's?) guilt or pity
81
ad naturam
Logical Fallacy: appeal to nature something is good because it is natural bad because it is unnatural
82
ad nauseum
Logical Fallacy: discussion that has gone on and on to the point it invokes nausea
83
ad novitatem
Logical Fallacy: appeal to novelty claiming an idea is better because it is new
84
ad numeram
Logical Fallacy: appeal to the people something is true because many people believe it
85
ad populum
Logical Fallacy: appeal to popularity most people approve of idea or feel favorably about it so it must be true
86
ad verecundiam
Logical Fallacy: appeal to authority citing an authority figure outside their area of expertise
87
Cum hoc ergo propter hoc
Logical Fallacy: with this therefore because of this
88
dicto simpliciter
Logical Fallacy: sweeping generalization
89
ignoratio elenchi
Logical Fallacy: irrelevant conclusion presenting an argument that fails to address the issue
90
non causa pro causa
a non cause for a cause or a false causation; false cause
91
non sequiter
Logical Fallacy: a conclusion or a statement that does not logically followfrom the previous argument or statement
92
petetio principe
Logical Fallacy: begging the question; where the conclusion you are trying to prove is included in the initial argument (as evidence?
93
post hoc ergo propter hoc
Logical Fallacy: after this therefore because of this
94
reductio ad absurdum
Logical Fallacy: form of argument that seeks to demonstrate something is true because if it were false an absurd or unteneableresult would follow
95
secundum quid et simpliciter
Logical Fallacy: accident fallacy, when one attempts to apply a general rule to an irrelevant situation
96
no true Scottsman
Logical Fallacy: no TRUE member of the group belonged to would do such a thing
97
texas sharpshooter
Logical Fallacy: differences in data are ignored and similarities are stressed
98
Strawman
Logical Fallacy: you effectively replace your opponents argument with an easily disproven statement
99
Compostion
Logical Fallacy: arises when spmeone says what is true of one part is true of the whole
100
Division
Logical Fallacy: what is true of the whole (on average?) must be true of all parts
101
Genetic fallacy
Logical Fallacy: based on someone or something's origins rather than current meaning or context
102
Fallacy Fallacy
Logical Fallacy: just because someone has a fallacy in their argument they are wrong

Rhetoric (1 decks)

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