Rhone, South of France, Languedoc-Roussillon Flashcards
(295 cards)
1
Q
Describe the wines of Coteaux de Die AOP.
A
Whites based on Clairette (100%)
SOUTH RHONE
2
Q
How many communes are part of Cotes du Roussillon-Villages AOP? How many may appened their name? Which?
A
- 32 communes
- 4 communes:
- Latour-de-France
- Caramany (Old Carignan)
- Lesquerde (Old Carignan)
- Tautavel
3
Q
What region has more acres under vine than any other in the world?
A
Languedoc-Roussillon
4
Q
What are the Rasteau vin doux naturel labeling terms?
A
Oxidative - aged min 3 yrs
- Ambré - white
- Tuilé - red
Fresher
- Blanc - white
- Grenat - red
Rancio
- maderized
- open barrels
- left in the sun
“Hors d’Age” - min 5 yrs of age
5
Q
What is the subzone of Cotes du Roussillon?
A
Les Apres(2003) -Reds based on Syrah & Mourvèdre
6
Q
Where is the Patrimonio AOP?
A
Corsica
7
Q
What are the permitted methods of production for Gaillac Mousseux?
A
-Traditional method
W: Mauzac
-Méthode Gaillaçoise - a variant of méthode ancestrale
8
Q
Where and what is Buzet AOP?
A
- South of Bergerac
- Red, white, rosé - Bordeaux varieties
9
Q
What are the main grapes of Corsica?
A
(All Indigenous)
- Nielluccio - Sangiovese variant
- Sciacarello
- Vermentino
10
Q
What color wines can be Cotes de Provence AOP?
A
Blanc: Clairette, Ugni Blanc, Sémillon, Vermentino
Rouge:
Principal Varieties: Min. 70% combined Cinsault, Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, and Tibouren
-Rosé - 75% of ouput (same red grapes)
11
Q
Where and what is Cotes de Marmandais AOP?
A
South of Bergerac
- Red, white, rosé
- Bordeaux varieties w/a compliment of local grapes
12
Q
What color wines can be Corbieres AOP?
A
Blanc: Min. 90% combined Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Macabeu, Roussanne, and Vermentino
Rouge: Min. 2 varieties. Min. 50% combined Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvèdre, and Syrah; plus Carignan
13
Q
What is the climate of the Rhone Valley?
A
- N. Rhone - more continental
- S. Rhone - Mediterranean
14
Q
What is the local term used for vintage in Banyuls?
A
Rimage (min. 1 year)
15
Q
Which N. Rhone appellation is shielded from “le mistrale”?
A
Cornas
16
Q
Where is Banyuls AOP?
A
Roussillon - southernmost, appellation in continental France
17
Q
What appellation in France produces varietal Fer wines?
A
Marcillac AOP - min 90%
18
Q
Which of Corbières sub-zones was promoted?
A
Corbières-Boutenac - Carignan-based red wines
19
Q
Where is Pierrevert AOP and what color are the wines?
A
-North, close to S.Rhone
Blanc: Min. 50% combined Grenache Blanc and Vermentino; max. 10% combined Marsanne, Viognier, and Piquepoul Blanc; plus Clairette, Roussanne, and Ugni Blanc
Rosé/R: Min. 70% combined Grenache, Syrah and Cinsault
20
Q
What N. Rhone appellations allow for blending Viognier w/ Syrah?
A
Côte Rôtie only
21
Q
Who makes 90% of the wine labeled as Muscat de Beaume-de-Venise AOP?
A
A local co-operative, the Vignerons de Beaumes-de-Venise
22
Q
Who revived Hermitage Vin de Paille?
A
- Gerard Chave in the 1970s
- Chapoutier more recently
23
Q
What color wines does St-Joseph produce? From what grapes?
A
Red - Syrah, max 10% combined Marsanne, Roussanne
White - Marsanne and/or Roussanne
24
Q
What 4 lieux-dits is Cornas divided into?
A
- Les Reynards
- La Côte
- Les Chaillot
- Les Mazards
25
When was Vacqueyras promoted from CDR-Villages AOP?
1990
26
What are the requirements for Branyuls Grand Cru AOP?
- Min 75% Grenache Noir
| - Min 30 months in barrel
27
What color can Beaume-de-Venise be? From what grapes?
Red - min 50% Grenache
28
What is required for Cotes de Bergerac AOP?
-Bergerac delimited zone but it requires a higher min abv
29
What 22 communes may append their name to Côtes du Rhone-Villages AOP?
```
Chusclan
Gadagne
Laudun
Massif d'Uchaux
Nyons (2020)
Plan de Dieu
Puyméras
Roaix
Rochegude
Rousset-les-Vignes
Sablet
Saint-Andéol
Saint-Gervais
Saint-Maurice
Saint-Pantaléon-les-Vignes
Sainte-Cécile
Séguret
Signargues
Suze-la-Rousse
Vaison-la-Romaine
Valréas
Visan
```
30
What is the style and varieties of Tavel?
Rosé - regarded as France's premiere rosé appellation
-Grenache based and dry
31
When did the Roman Catholic Popes reside in Avignon?
1309-1378
32
Where is Faugères AOP/St. Chinan AOP? What color wines?
Languedoc - red, white, rosé
Blanc: 30-70% Roussanne; max. 70% each Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, and Vermentino
Accessory Varieties: Max. 10% combined Clairette and Viognier
Rosé/R: Min. 50% combined Grenache, Lladoner Pelut (min. 20% Grenache and/or Lladoner Pelut), Mourvèdre (min. 5%), and Syrah (min. 15%)
33
What color wines can be Pécharmant AOP?
Blended reds Bordeaux Varietals
| -The longest-lived wines from Bergerac
34
Name 3 excellent producers of Bandol.
- Domaine Tempier
- Chateau Pibarnon
- Chateau Pradeaux
35
What is the physically smallest red wine appellation of the N. Rhone?
Cornas - although Hermitage produces less wine
| -Just over 100ha planted
36
Where is Rosette AOP?
Sweet wine AOP of Bergerac
37
Where is Haut-Montravel AOP/ Cotes de Montravel AOP?
Sweet wine AOP of Bergerac
38
Where is vin doux naturel produced in the S. Rhone?
- Rasteau AOP
| - Muscat de Beaume-de-Venise AOP
39
What is Clairette de Bellegarde AOP?
A single-commune appellation within Costières de Nîmes (S.R), produces white wines from the Clairette grape
40
What is the encépagement of Chateau Rayas in Chateauneuf?
100% Grenache
41
What does "Hors d'Age" mean on a Rivesaltes label?
Aged min 5 yrs
-In practice, they may receive up to 20 yrs aging prior to release
(Tuilé or Ambré only)
42
What is the soil known as in Cornas?
"Gore" - naked granite
43
What are the authorized grapes of Chateauneuf-du-Pape?
- Grenache (Noir/Blanc/Gris)
- Mourvèdre
- Cinsault
- Counoise
- Picpoul (Noir/Blanc/Gris)
- Terret Noir
- Bourboulenc
- Clairette/Clairette Rosé
- Roussanne
- Vaccarèse
- Picardin
- Muscardin
44
What is the most full-bodied, richest, and consistently quality-minded VDN appellation in France?
Banyuls AOP
45
What is the premiere producer of Les Baux de Provence AOP?
Domaine de Trévallon
| -1995 AOC promotion left the estate to release its Cabernet-based wines as "Vin de Pays"
46
What are the sub-zones of Cotes de Provence?
- La Londe
- Pierrefeu
- Sainte-Victoire
- Fréjus
- Notre-Dame des Anges (added 2019)
47
What advantages does co-fermentation offer?
Stabilizing red wine color and moderating tannin extraction
48
What color wines can Crozes-Hermitage be? From what grapes?
- Red - Syrah, max 15% combined Marsanne/Roussanne
| - Blanc - Marsanne and/or Roussanne
49
Where is Cabardès AOP? What color wines are produced?
- Languedoc
| - Red & Rosé (Grenache/Syrah/Major Bordeaux Varieties)
50
What sub-zone of Minervois received full appellation status for reds in 1999?
Minervois-La Livinière
| R: GSM, Carignan, Cinsault
51
Where is Palette AOP? Grapes?
Provence
- Ch. Simone
Rosé/R: Min. 50% combined Grenache, Mourvèdre (min. 10%), and Cinsault (no single variety may exceed 80%)
Blanc: Min. 55% combined Picardin (Araignan), Clairette, Bourboulenc, and Clairette Rosé
52
What do "Rivesaltes" mean?
"High River" in Catalan tongue
53
What is the aging requirement for Rivesaltes Tuilé?
Aged in an oxidative environment until at least March 1 of the 3rd year following harvest
54
Where is the Cassis AOP?
Provence
| Mainly W: Clairette, Roussanne
55
Who owns Chateau Grillet?
Neyret-Gachet which was purchased by François Pinault 2011
56
What are the appellations of the Dordogne?
- Bergerac
- Cotes de Bergerac
- Pécharmant
- Montravel
- Haut-Montravel (Sweet)
- Cotes de Montravel (Sweet)
- Rosette (Sweet)
- Saussignac (Sweet)
- Monbazillac (Sweet)
57
What are the sweet wine appellations of Bergerac?
- Monbazillac AOP
- Saussignac AOP
- Rosette AOP
- Haut-Montravel AOP
- Cotes Montravel AOP
58
What is the difference between these AOPs: Haut-Montravel, Cotes de Montravel, and Montravel?
- Montravel - dry reds & dry whites (Bordeaux Style)
- Haut- and Cotes-Montravel (VDN whites)
- All 3 are separate delimited zones:
- Cotes - northernmost
- Haut - middle
- Montravel - southernmost
59
What appellation of Provence has been pushing for organic mandated farming?
Les Baux de Provence AOP
60
What is Le Rapé?
- Producers must discard 2% of harvest grapes
- safeguards against under-ripeness
- Mandated by AOP regulations
61
What communes can grapes for Muscat de Beaume-de-Venise AOP be sourced?
- Beaume-de-Venise
| - Aubignon
62
What AOP mandates Negrette?
Fronton AOP (SW FRANCE)
63
Where is St-Chinian AOP? What color wine is produced there?
Languedoc - red, rosé, & white (Grenache Blanc, Roussanne, Marsanne, Viognier)
Subzones: BERLOU (Carignan, GSM) and ROQUEBRUN (Syrah, Grenache, Mourvedre)
64
What colors and from what grapes are produced under the Patrimonio AOP?
White - Vermentino
| Red/Rosé - Nielluccio
65
When were the vineyards of Gaillac AOP established?
SW France
| -By the Romans of ancient Gaul in the 1st century CE, are among France's oldest
66
What is the aging req for Rivesaltes Grenat?
Aged reductively for 1 yr
| -Must be bottled before March 1 of the 2nd yr following harvest
67
What color wine can be Languedoc AOP?
- Red - min 50% combined Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, Lladoner Pelut
- Rosé
- White: Piquepoul Blanc (max. 50%), Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Tourbat, and Vermentino
68
Who are the 4 main producers of Hermitage?
-Jean-Louis Chave (singular producer)
Negociants:
- Delas
- M. Chapoutier
- Paul Jaboulet
69
What are the major cities of the Southern Rhone?
- Montelimar (north)
- Avignon (South-Central)
- Nîmes (Southwest)
70
Describe the wines of Cremant de Die AOP.
Sparkling - does not req 100% Clairette
71
Where is Coteaux Varois?
Provence - Coteaux Varois en Provence
72
What region of the S. Rhone adjoins the S. Rhone, Provence & Languedoc?
Costières de Nîmes AOP
73
What AOP of the S. Rhone was formerly considered an appellation of the Languedoc?
Costières de Nîmes AOP
| -Changed in 2004
74
What vin doux naturel colors can Rasteau AOP be?
White, Rosé, & Red
| -Based on Grenache (Noir/Blanc/Gris)
75
What AOP represents over 90% of France's fortified wine?
Rivesaltes AOP
76
Where is Cotes de Montravel AOP?
Sweet wine AOP of Bergerac
77
Where is Cotes du Vivarais AOP? Color of wines?
S. Rhone - red, rosé, & white
78
What wine may be labeled "Muscat de Nöel"?
Rivesaltes vin doux naturel - Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains & Muscat d'Alexandrie
-Christmas wines that must be bottled no later than Dec 1 of the yr of harvest
79
Who has long been considered the bearer of traditional wines for Cornas?
Auguste Clape
80
What are the two distinct, non-contiguous sectors of Fitou AOP?
- Fitou Maritime
| - Fitou Montagneux
81
Where did Rasteu's labeling terms come from?
In 2011, Rasteau vignerons adopted the labeling terms from Rivesaltes in Roussillon
82
What colors, from what grapes, can Les Beaux de Provence AOP be?
Red & Rosé
-Based on Grenache, Syrah, & Cinsault
White (added in 2011)
-Based on Grenache Blanc, Vermentino, Clairette, Roussanne
83
What are the Gaillac "Premières Côtes" for?
The appellation exists for the dry whites of eleven communes
Blanc: Min. 50% combined Mauzac, Mauzac Rosé, Len de l'El, and Muscadelle; plus max. 50% combined Sauvignon Blanc and Ondenc
84
What are the sweet whites of Gaillac labeled?
Gaillac Doux
Principal Varieties: Len de l'El and Ondenc
Accessory Varieties: Mauzac, Mauzac Rosé, Muscadelle
85
What are the two sub-zone designations of St-Chinian AOP?
- Berlou
| - Roquebrun
86
What areas of the N. Rhone are defined by heat-retaining granitic and schistous soils?
- Côte-Rôtie
- Condrieu
- Hermitage
87
What are the appellations of Corsica?
- Vin de Corse
- Muscat du Cap Corse
- Ajaccio
- Patrimonio
88
What color wines are permitted for Limoux?
Red & White
Blanc: Mauzac, Chenin Blanc and Chardonnay (still whites must be fermented in oak)
Rouge: Min. 50% Merlot
Complementary Varieties: Min. 30% combined Grenache, Syrah, and Cot
Accessory Varieties: Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
89
What river is Cahors located on? Where is Cahors?
- Lot River
| - Southwest France
90
What is the northernmost appellation of the N. Rhone?
Côte-Rôtie
91
Where is Madiran AOP?
In Gascony in SW France
92
What is the thin topsoil that is powdery, decomposed mica in Condrieu?
Arzelle
93
What grapes can Rivesaltes Ambré, Tuilé, and Rosé be?
Grenache (Blanc, Noir, Gris), Tourbat(W), Macabeu(W)
-max 20% combined Muscat à Petit Grains & Muscat d'Alexandria
94
What styles of wine can St-Peray be? From what grapes?
- Exclusively whites - Marsanne & Roussanne
- Marsane - broader, oily texture, marzipan character
- Roussanne - more delicate, adds acidity, waxy minerality
- Can produce mousseux
- méthode traditionelle
95
What variant of Muscat is used for Muscat du Cap Corse AOP?
Muscat à Petits Grains Blanc (VDN)
96
What style of wines are Cotes du Roussillon?
Dry red, white and rosé
Blanc: Min. 2 varieties (none may exceed 80%)
Min. 50% combined Grenache Blanc, Macabeu, and Tourbat (Malvoisie du Roussillon)
Rouge/ Rosé: Min. 2 varieties (none may exceed 70%)
Min. 80% combined Grenache, Mourvèdre, Syrah (min. 25% combined Mourvèdre and Syrah), and Carignan (max. 50%)
97
Describe the wines of Clairette de Die AOP?
- Two sparkling styles:
- Méthode Traditionelle ; W: Clairette ; -max 15 g/L RS(Brut)
- Méthode Dioise Ancestrale; 75% Muscat à Petits Grains + Clairette
- Min 35g/L RS (implying demi-sec)
98
What is the only appellation in France to focus on Mourvèdre?
Bandol AOP
| -Min 50% Mourvèdre - blended w/Grenache, Cinsault (and to a lesser extent Syrah & Carignan)
99
Where is Pécharmant AOP?
Bergerac
100
Where is Saussignac AOP?
Sweet wine AOP of Bergerac
101
Where is Chateau Simone?
Palette AOP (Provence)
102
What are unfortified red, rosé, and whites from Banyuls?
Colliure AOP
Rouge/Rosé: Grenache, Mourvèdre, Syrah, and Carignan
Blanc: Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Macabeu, Marsanne, Roussanne, Tourbat (Malvoisie du Roussillon), and Vermentino
103
Where and what is Côtes de Duras AOP?
South of Bergerac
Red, white & rosé
-Bordeaux varieties
104
What 5 grapes represent the bulk of red & rosé of Cotes de Provence?
- Cinsault
- Grenache
- Mourvèdre
- Syrah
- Tibouren (local, garrigue scented)
105
What are the important climats of Hermitage?
- La Chapelle
- L'Hermite
- Le Méal
- Les Bressards
- Gréffieux
- Beaume
- Péléat
106
What is unique about the wines of Chateau de Beaucastel?
- Dominated by Mourvèdre
| - Produced from every authorized variety
107
What are the two major cities of the Northern Rhone?
Vienne & Valence
108
Where is Bandol AOP located?
Provence
109
Where is the Bellet AOP?
Provence
110
Describe the white still wines of Limoux.
Based on Chard, Chenin, and Mauzac
| -Must be barrel fermented
111
What color wines does Cassis AOP produce?
Red, white, rosé
| -Clairette and Marsanne account for the better wines
112
What are the grapes of Madiran?
Based on Tannat, plus CF, CS, and Fer
113
When was Vinsobres promoted from CDR-Villages?
2006
| R: 50% Grenache
114
What 4 appellations shared CD PAPE's min potential ABV for reds?
- Gigondas
- Vacqueyras
- Beaume-de-Venise
- Vinsobres
115
What is Rolle?
A local synonym for Italian Vermentino in Bellet AOP
116
Where was micro-oxygenation developed? Why?
Madiran
| -Patrick Ducournau developed micro-oxygenation in the 1990s to soften the blow of Tannat
117
What is the production method for Muscat de Beaume-de-Venise AOP?
Fermentation is arrested through mutage
| -adding pure grape spirit to arrest fermentation in a proportion of 5-10%
118
What does the Papel Crest indicate? What does the "La Mitrale" indicate? Who first released an estate-bottled CDP wine?
- It indicates that the wines were bottled in the area and they are a member of the Federation
- It indicates that they are a member of the SIDVAOC
- Ch. La Nerthe released the first estate-bottled CDP wines in 1785
119
What was phylloxera's doorway to France? When?
Lirac - 1863
120
Who are the 3 producers helping with the resurgence of Condrieu?
- Georges Varnay
- Yves Cuilleron
- André Perret
121
What color wines may CDR and CDR-Villages be?
Both - red, white, rosé
122
What color wines does Cornas produce? From what grapes?
Red only - 100% Syrah
123
Where is Monbazillac AOP?
Bergerac
124
What is rimage?
Local term for vintage in Banyuls
125
What color wines (what grapes) are produced under the Ajaccio AOP?
Red/Rosé - min 40% Sciacarello
| White - min 80% Vermentino
126
What color wines does Gigondas produce?
Red & Rosé
- min 50% Grenache
- Typically blended w/Syrah & Mourvèdre
- Other Rhone varieties may be planted - up to max 10% (except Carignan)
127
Where and what is Marcillac AOP?
SW France (East of Cahors)
min 90% Fer (red)
128
Where are the Rhone River's headwaters?
Switzerland
129
Where is Jurançon AOP?
Pyrénées-Atlantique department, in the SW of France
Blanc: Min. 50% combined Gros Manseng and/or Petit Manseng
Accessory Varieties: Lauzet, Courbu, Petit Courbu, and Camaralet de Lasseube
* Blanc Sec
* Blanc "Vendanges Tardives" (VT): Petit Manseng and Gros Manseng
130
What styles can be Rivesaltes AOP?
- Ambré (Amber)
- Tuilé (Tawny)
- Grenat (Red)
- Rosé
- Rancio
131
What colors can Hermitage(N.R) be? From what grapes?
Red - Syrah, max 15% combined Marsanne, Roussanne
White - Marsanne and/or Roussanne
Vin de Paille - Marsanne and/or Roussanne
132
What appellation was formerly known as Cotes du Tricastin?
Grignan-les-Adhémar AOP (S. Rhone) North
| -Rebranded in 2010 to avoid unsavory association with Tricastin nuclear plant
133
When was Gigondas promoted from CDR-Villages AOP?
1971
134
What was Fronton AOP formerly known as?
Côtes de Frontonnais
* R/R: 40% Negrette
135
What AOP is based on Gamay, Aligoté, and Chardonnay in the Rhone Valley?
Châtillon-en-Diois AOP (N.R) South
- Red & Rosé - Gamay based
- Whites - based on Chard & Aligoté
136
What is the only permitted method to make rosé for still wines in France?
saignage
137
What is the most notable sweet wine appellation of Bergerac?
Monbazillac AOP
138
What variety is Rivesaltes Grenat?
Grenache Noir
139
Where is Fitou AOP? When was it promoted?
Languedoc
-1948 - one of the region's oldest appellations
R: Carignan + GSM
140
Where is Malepère AOP? What color wines are produced there?
- Languedoc (Close to Limoux)
- Red - min 50% Merlot
- Rosé - min 50% CF
- Promoted in 2006
141
How large is Chateau Grillet?
3.5ha
142
What sparkling AOP of the Northern Rhone allows for the ancestrale method? What is the min % varietal?
Clairette de Die AOP
| -min 75% Muscat à Petit Grains
143
What color dry wines can be Gaillac AOP?
Red, white & rosé
- Red blends - Duras, Fer, Syrah w/ small allotment of Bordeaux grapes
- White - Mauzac, Muscadelle, and Len de l'El
144
What styles are the wines of Jurançon and of what grapes?
Blanc - Gros Manseng
Blanc (passerillage) - Petit Manseng
Also allowed: Petit Courbu, Camaralet, Lauzet
145
Where is the Minervois AOP?
Languedoc
W: Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc
R/R: Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Syrah, Mourvedre
NB: "Minervois La Liviniere" (1999); R: GSM, Carignan, Cinsault
146
What are the eligible communes for Rasteau AOP?
- Rasteau
- Cairanne
- Sablet
147
Who is the largest producer of Côte-Rôtie?
E. Guigal
148
What are fortified wine appellations of the Languedoc?
- Muscat de Mireval AOP
- Muscat de Lunel AOP
- Muscat de St-Jean-de-Minervois AOP
- Muscat de Frontignan (most common - may be either: vin doux naturel or vin de liqueur)
*Muscat a petit Grains
149
Where is Domaine de Triennes located?
Coteaux Varois en Provence
| *Released as "Vin De Pays"
150
Where is Ventoux/ Luberon/ Cotes du Vivarais? Color of wines?
S. Rhone - red, rosé & white
151
What region of the N. Rhone can produce Vin de Paille?
Hermitage
152
What does Maury AOP(Roussillon) produce?
- Still dry red
- Vin doux naturel - Grenache (Noir, Blanc, Gris)
Same as Rivesaltes styles:
- Blanc
- Ambré
- Grenat
- Tuilé
- Hors d'Age
- Rancio
153
Who invented mutage (stop fermentation)?
Arnaud de Villeneuve, in the 13th century, in Rivesaltes
| -He was a physician who used it for medicinal elixirs
154
What is the min ABV of CDP?
min 12.5% ABV - highest in France for dry AOP wines
155
When did phylloxera hit CDP?
1863 - S. Rhone was the first quality region to be struck in France
156
What was the first French AOC and when?
Chateauneuf-du-Pape in 1936
- Following phylloxera, wine fraud took hold in France
- CDP growers set/imposed rules for production to combat fraud
157
What is arzelle?
- This topsoil that is rich w/powdery, decomposed micah
| - Near the commune of Condrieu
158
What are bonbonnes?
Glass jugs used to age Rivesaltes oxidately
159
What is the S. Rhone's northernmost appellation?
Grignan-les-Adhémar AOP
160
Fitou is embeded within which larger region?
Corbières AOP
161
What colors and what grapes are used for Vin de Corse AOP?
- Red & Rosé - Nielluccio and Sciacarello are blended w/Grenache, Barbarossa, and a host of Rhone grapes
- White - blends based on Vermentino & Ugni Blanc
162
Côte-Rôtie is located behind which town?
Ampuis
163
What are the two slopes located nearest Ampuis and considered the heart of Côte-Rôtie?
- Côte Brune - stronger, more assertive
| - Côte Blonde - yields softer, more alluring wines
164
How long must Bandol AOP wines must age in wood?
Min 18 months in wood
165
What 4 AOPs are located on the Drôme River?
- Coteaux de Die AOP
- Cremant de Die AOP
- Clairette de Die AOP
- Châtillon-en-Diois AOP
166
What color wines can Chateauneuf-du-Pape be?
Red & White
Permitted Grape Varieties: Grenache (Noir, Gris and Blanc), Mourvèdre, Syrah, Cinsault, Counoise, Bourboulenc, Roussanne, Brun Argenté (Vaccarèse), Clairette, Clairette Rosé, Muscardin, Picardan, Piquepoul (Noir, Gris and Blanc), Terret Noir
167
What color wines does Bellet AOP produce?
Red, white, & rosé
| -More promising whites: Rolle/Vermentino
168
What is the name of the hour-glass shaped bottle for Provence wines?
"Skittle" bottles
169
What are Limoux reds based on?
Merlot based
170
What are the varieties of Cahors?
min 70% Malbec, + Tannat and Merlot
171
What are "galets"?
"pudding stones" deposited in CDP
- made of quartzite
- they serve to store heat
172
Where is Ajaccio AOP?
Corsica
173
What 3 types of bubbles are permitted in Limoux?
-Blanquette de Limoux (min 90% Mauzac)
-Crémant de Limoux - traditional method
(Chard & Chenin + max 20% Mauzac and Pinot Noir)
-Limoux Methode Ancestrale (100% Mauzac)
174
What is the vin doux naturel AOP of Corisca?
Muscat du Cap Corse AOP
175
When was Beaume-de-Venise promoted from CDR-Villages?
2005
176
What portion of Rhone's wines are released as Côtes du Rhone AOP?
2/3
177
What grape's name means "far from sight" in the old d'Oc tongue? Why? Where is it a principal grape?
Len de l'El - conveys the cluster's long stalks and distance to the "eye", or bud from which they sprouted
-Gaillac
178
What is Collioure AOP?
Unfortified red, rosé, and white appellation for Banyuls production
Blanc: Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Macabeu, Marsanne, Roussanne, Tourbat (Malvoisie du Roussillon), and Vermentino
Rouge/Rosé: Grenache, Mourvèdre, Syrah, and Carignan
179
Where is Montravel AOP? What styles of wine?
Dry reds or whites from Bergerac
180
Where is La Landonne? Who are the two main producers?
Côte Rôtie
- E. Guigal
- Rene Rostaing
181
What is le mistral?
- Cold, dry wind
- Greatly affects the S. Rhone and Provence
- Affects the N. Rhone in winter and spring
- Prevents mould and mildew
182
What are the permitted methods for oxidative aging in Rivestaltes?
Glass bonbonnes in the sun or solera
183
What are the main grapes and styles of Monbazillac? Is machine harvest allowed?
- Blanc/SGN (Bortrytis)
- Bordeaux varieties
- Muscadelle does very well here in the sandy soils
- Hand Harvesting
- Botrytis = multiple tries
184
What color wines (what grapes) are permitted in Fitou AOP?
Red - usually dominated by Carignan (and Grenache)
185
What is Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP?
Vin Doux Naturel made exclusively of Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains and Muscat d'Alexandrie
186
What styles of wines are Bergerac AOP?
Red, white, & rosé
- From Bordeaux varietals
- "Sec" denotes dry whites
187
What are the appellations of the N. Rhone?
- Côte-Rôtie
- St-Joseph
- Hermitage
- Crozes-Hermitage
- Cornas
- Condrieu
- Chateau Grillet
- St-Péray
- Crémant de Die
- Clairette de Die
- Coteaux de Die
- Châtillon-en-Dioise
- Cotes du Rhones
188
What is Jaboulet's premiere wine?
-La Chapelle (of Hermitage)
189
What is the major soil of Gigondas?
Red clay alluvial soils
190
What colors can Vacqueyras be?
- Usually red - min 50% Grenache (generally rustic)
| - Small amounts of white and rosé
191
What colors, from what grapes, can Lirac be?
Red, white, & rosé
- Grenache (Blanc/Noir)
- Whites may see significant proportions of Clairette and Bourboulenc
192
What are the most important AOP's in southwestern France?
- Cahors
- Madiran
- Jurançon
- Gaillac
193
What is the only appellation outside of Bordeaux to publish a ranking of Grand Cru Classé estates?
Côtes de Provence
- Originally classified in 1955
- 23 estates
194
What is rancio?
French and Spanish term for a fortified wine that has been maderized-- exposed to direct sunlight
195
What % does the S. Rhone account for in the Rhone Valley?
95%, overwhelmingly devoted to red
196
What appellations in the N. Rhone allow for blending Marsanne and Roussanne w/Syrah?
- Hermitage (15%)
- Crozes-Hermitage (15%)
- St-Joseph (10%)
197
What color wines can Côte-Rôtie be? From what grapes?
- Red only
| - Syrah, max 20% Viognier
198
What and where is Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOP?
SW/Dordogne;
Sec/Demi-sweet/ Sweet-Based on Petit Manseng, Petit Courbu, and Arrufiac
199
Where is Luberon? Color of wines?
S. Rhone - red, rosé, white
200
What regions are located in the basque influenced Pyrénees-Atlantique department?
- Jurançon
- Irouléguy
- Béarn
201
Where is the Maury AOP?
Roussillon
202
What are the appellations of Provence?
- Côtes de Provence
- Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence
- Les Baux de Provence
- Coteaux Varois en Provence
- Bandol
- Bellet
- Cassis
- Palette
203
What areas of the N. Rhone are dominated by heavier, clay soils?
- St-Joseph
- Crozes-Hermitage
- St-Péray
204
What is the aging requirement for Rivesaltes Ambré?
Aged in an oxidative environment until at least March 1 of the 3rd year following harvest
205
What is the main grape of "traditionnel" Banyuls AOP?
min 50% Grenache Noir
206
What color can Vinsobres be?
Red - min 50% Grenache Noir
207
Where and what is Fronton AOP?
West of Gaillac
Blended reds & rosés
-min 50% Negrette
208
What appellations in France mandate Tannat's use?
Min 50%
- Madiran
- Béarn
209
How many sub-appellations are in the Languedoc AOP? What are the most prominent?
- 16
- Terrasses du Larzac (only R: GSM, Carignan)
- Le Clape (R: GSM / W: Bourbolenc, Grenache Blanc
- Pic-St-Loup (R/R: GSM)
210
Who moved the center of Christian Europe from Rome to Avignon?
Pope Clement V
211
What was the first AOC established in France? When did this occur?
CNDP; 1936
212
Describe the climatic conditions of the Northern Rhone
Benefits from the southernly position but experiences greater seasonal temperature shifts, more rainfall, and few hours of sunshine than the southern appellations
213
When do the Mistral winds affect the Northern Rhone?
During winter and spring
214
What is arzelle? Where is it found?
A thin topsoil rich with powdery, decomposed mica; Near the commune of Condrieu
215
What are the soils of Cote Rotie, Condrieu and Hermitage?
Heat retaining granitic and schistous - ARZELLE
216
What are the soils of St Joseph, Crozes Hermitage and St Peray?
Heavier in clay
217
Cote Rotie allows up to ___% of what white grape?
20% Viognier
218
Which two Northern Rhone appellations allow up to 15% Marsanne/Roussanne?
Hermitage and Crozes Hermitage
219
What Northern Rhone appellation allows up to 10% Marsanne/Roussanne?
St Joseph
220
Name 6 climats of Hermitage
L'Hermite, le Meal, les Bessards, Greffieux, Beaume, Peleat
221
Where is Crozes Hermitage situated?
Behind the hill of Hermitage
222
Which sub appellation of Northern Rhone has the warmest climate?
Cornas
223
Which red wine producing appellations in northern Rhone can also produce white wines? Which cannot?
* St Jospeh, Crozes Hermitage, Hermitage;
| * Cornas, Cote Rotie;
224
What are the only two permitted grapes of St Peray?
Marsanne and Roussanne
225
What does Marsanne offer to a blend?
Broader, oily texture and marzipan character
226
What does Roussanne offer to a blend?
Acidity and waxy minerality
227
Clairette de Die made in the methode dioise ancestrale must be 75% of what grape?
Muscat a Petit Grains
228
Clairette de Die made in the methode ancestrale has a minimum RS of ___?
35 g/l
229
Clairette de Die made in the methode traditionelle has a maximum RS of ___?
15 g/l
230
What are the grapes of Chatillon en Diois?
Gamay, Aligote, Chardonnay
231
What does Grenache offer to a blend?
Body, sweet fruit and warmth
232
What do Mourvedre and Syrah offer to a blend?
Structure and depth of color
233
What does Cinsault offer to a blend?
Finesse and freshness
234
Describe the climatic factors of the Southern Rhone.
The mistral blows (fiercely) across the southern valley; Hot summers are tempered by significant diurnal swings; Mild winters follow usually heavy autumnal rains.
235
What are the primary soils of Southern Rhone?
Alluvial soils (sand, gravel, clay based) over a limestone subsoil
236
What is the required minimum ABV for CNDP?
12.5% (This is the highest in all of France)
237
What do AOP regulations of CNDP mandate to safeguard against under ripeness?
Producers must declassify or discard at least 2% of harvested grapes ("le rapé")
238
Name the five promoted CdR villages
Rasteau, Gigondas, Vaqueyras, Beaumes de Venise, Vinsobres
239
What are the soils of Gigondas?
Red clay, alluvial
240
Gigondas, Vacqueyras, Beaumes de Venise and Vinsorbes all have a minimum ABV of ___%
12.5%
241
What is the only communal appellation exclusively for rose wines in France?
Tavel AOP
242
What are the wines of Tavel based on?
Grenache
243
Name the 2 appellations of Southern Rhone for vin doux naturel
Rasteau and Muscat de Beaumes de Venise
244
Describe the difference in wines from Rasteau and Muscat Beaumes de Venise
Muscat BDV is typically fresher and more aromatic whereas Rasteau wines show more tawny flavors
245
A label from Rasteau reads "ambre". What does this indicate?
A WHITE VDN wine displaying more oxidative character and subject to at least 3 years of aging prior to release.
246
A label from Rasteau reads "tuile". What does this indicate?
A RED VDN wine displaying more oxidative character and subject to at least 3 years of aging prior to release.
247
A label from Rasteau reads "blanc". What does this indicate?
A white VDN wine that is fresher in nature
248
A label from Rasteau reads "grenat". What does this indicate?
A red VDN wine that is fresher in nature
249
A label from Rasteau reads "Hors d'age". What does this indicate?
a VDN wine that has been matured for at least 5 years prior to release
250
A label from Rasteau reads "rancio". What does this indicate?
A VDN wine that has been deliberately made in an oxidative and maderized style and the wine has been left in open barrels, exposed to the sun and high temperatures
251
What Southern Rhone appellation was formerly considered part of the Lanuedoc? When did the transfer take place?
Costieres de Nimes in 2004
252
What style of wine and from what grape is Clairette de Bellegarde(S.R)?
Dry whites from 100% Clairette
253
Name the newest appellation in Southern Rhone. When was it added?
Duche d'Uzes in 2013
Blanc: Min. 40% Viognier, min. 30% Grenache Blanc, plus Clairette, Ugni Blanc, and a max. 20% combined Roussanne, Marsanne, and Vermentino
Rosé: Min. 50% Grenache Noir, min. 20% Syrah, plus Carignan, Cinsault, and Mourvèdre
Rouge: Min. 40% Syrah, min. 20% Grenache Noir, plus Carignan, Cinsault, and Mourvèdre
254
2 sections of Fitou AOP. What AOP are they within?
Fitou Maritime & Fitou Montagneux; Corbières
255
Unfortified red, white, and roses wines from Banyuls are labeled as:
Collioure AOP
256
Subzones of Languedoc?
Geographical Designations: Cabrières, Grés de Montpellier, La Méjanelle, Montpeyroux, Pézenas, Quatourze, Saint-Christol, Saint-Drézéry, Saint-Georges-d'Orques, Saint-Saturnin, Sommières
257
Where is St. Christol?
Sub-appellation of Gres de Montpellier in Languedoc
258
Where is St. Drézéry?
Sub-appellation of Gres de Montpellier in Languedoc
259
Where is St. Georges d'Orques?
Sub-appellation of Gres de Montpellier in Languedoc
260
Where is La Méjanelle?
Sub-appellation of Gres de Montpellier in Languedoc
261
Where is Cabardes AOP?
Languedoc
Rosé/R: Min. 40% combined Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot; min. 40% combined Grenache and Syrah
Accessory Varieties: Cot, Cinsault, and Fer
262
Where is Malepere AOP?
Languedoc
Rosé: Min. 50% Cabernet Franc, min. 20% combined Cabernet Sauvignon, Cinsault, Cot, Grenache, and Merlot
Rouge: Min. 50% Merlot, min. 20% combined Cabernet Franc and Cot; plus Cinsault, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache, and Lladoner Pelut
263
Where is Picpoul de Pinet AOP?
Languedoc
W: 100% Picpoul Blanc
264
Where is Collioure AOP?
Roussillon
265
Where is Rivesaltes AOP?
Roussillon
266
Where is Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP?
Roussillon
267
Where is Banyuls AOP/ MAURY AOP?
Roussillon
268
Where is Chatillon en Diois AOP?
Northern Rhone Valley
269
Where is Grignan-les-Adhemar AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
270
Where is Cotes du Vivarais AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
271
Where is Duche d'Uzes AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
272
Where is Vinsobres AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
273
Where is Costieres de Nimes AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
274
Where is Clairette de Bellegarde AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
275
Where is Luberon AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
276
Where is Ventoux AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
277
Where is Bearn AOP?
Southwest France
278
Where is Bergerac AOP?
Southwest France
279
Where is Brulhois AOP?
Southwest France
280
Where is Buzet AOP?
Southwest France
281
Where is Coteaux du Quercy?
Southwest France
282
Where is Cotes de Montravel?
Southwest France
283
Where is Cotes du Marmandais?
Southwest France
284
Where is Cotes de Millau?
Southwest France
285
Where is Entraygues-Le Fel?
Southwest France
286
Where is Estaing?
Southwest France
287
Where is Floc de Gascogne?
Southwest France
288
Where is Fronton?
Southwest France
289
Where is Gaillac?
Southwest France
290
Where is Irouleguy?
Southwest France
291
Where is Juracon?
Southwest France
292
Where is Saint Mont?
Southwest France
293
Where is Saint-Sardos?
Southwest France
294
Where is Tursan?
Southwest France
295
Cremant de Limoux AOP?
Encépagement: Max. 90% combined Chardonnay (min. 50%) and Chenin Blanc (10-40%); plus max. 20% combined Mauzac and Pinot Noir (max. 15%)
*Mousseux Blanc/Rosé
