Rhythms of the World

Question 1

Name some features of Indian Classical Music.

Answer 1

tala
raga
pitch-bend
improvisation
call and response
ornamentation
drone

Question 2

Name some features of Bhangra.

Answer 2

chaal
Voices are usually male and with a backing chorus, often with call-and-response.
Punjabi language
vocal lines often follow the chaal
‘hoi!’ shouted by backing singers
ornamentation, slides and microtonal intervals

Question 3

chaal

Answer 3

rhythm pattern in Bhangra

Question 4

dhol

Answer 4

double-headed drum used to play the chaal

Question 5

harmonium

Answer 5

small reed-organ used to play melodic ideas

Question 6

sarangi

Answer 6

violin-type instrument

Question 7

tala

Answer 7

a repeated rhythm pattern, including accents and silent beats

Question 8

tabla

Answer 8

a pair of drums used to play the tala, controlling the tempo and developing very fast and complex rhythm patterns

Question 9

raga

Answer 9

a scale pattern forming the basis for melodic ideas, each with a different mood

Question 10

sitar

Answer 10

a large string instrument which plays the raga; sympathetic strings give a drone effect

Question 11

pitch-bend

Answer 11

bending the strings to give a microtonal effect

Question 12

tanpura

Answer 12

long-necked plucked instrument providing a continuous drone

Question 13

sarod

Answer 13

similar to a sitar but with a deeper tone quality

Question 14

bansuri

Answer 14

flute-type instrument

Question 15

Name some instruments used in Indian Classical Music.

Answer 15

tabla
sitar
tanpura
sarod
bansuri
sarangi

Question 16

Name some instruments used in Bhangra.

Answer 16

dhol
vocals
harmonium
sometimes, sitar and tabla

Question 17

Name some features of Greek Music.

Answer 17

irregular metres and beat grouping
simple time signatures with syncopation
repeated melodic ideas
melodies in 3rds (parallel melodies)
stepwise melodic ideas
clear phrasing and clear overall structure - often verse/chorus
if voices are used, they are usually solo in the verses and group for the chorus
ornamentation, slides and tremolos
melody and accompaniment texture
tonic/dominant bass notes
off-beat accompanying chords

Question 18

Name some instruments used in Greek Music.

Answer 18

bouzouki
violin
flute
guitar
percussion (tambourine/defi)

Question 19

bouzouki

Answer 19

a high-pitched, plucked string instrument

Question 20

Name some features of Israeli Music.

Answer 20

influenced by folk music
irregular rhythms and metres with irregular beat grouping
syncopation
modal and microtonal melodic ideas
stepwise melodic shapes
clear phrasing and structure
minor keys
guttural, throaty and nasal singing

Question 21

Name some instruments used in Israeli Music.

Answer 21

oud
guitar
darbuka
tambourine
harp/lyre
accordion
horn
violin-type instruments
flute-type instruments
oboe-type instruments

Question 22

oud

Answer 22

a lute-type plucked instrument

Question 23

darbuka

Answer 23

a goblet-shaped hand drum

Question 24

accordion

Answer 24

a box-shaped wind instrument that is played by pressing down keys while squeezing and opening the bellows

Question 25

Name some features of Palestinian Music.

Answer 25

``` irregular rhythms and metres with irregular beat grouping wazn modal and microtonal melodic ideas improvised melodic ideas ornamentation & slides drone stepwise melodic shapes long phrases ```

Question 26

Name some instruments used in Palestinian Music.

Answer 26

``` oud doumbek zither violin-type instruments flute-type instruments ```

Question 27

zither

Answer 27

a strummed or plucked instrument with strings stretched over a wooden frame

Question 28

wazn

Answer 28

a traditional Arabic rhythm pattern

Question 29

Name some features of African drumming.

Answer 29

``` fast tempo strong steady pulse ostinati polyrhytms syncopation and off-beat accents cross rhythms triplet rhythms ```

Question 30

ostinato

Answer 30

a continuously repeated rhythm pattern

Question 31

polyrhythm

Answer 31

a texture created when two or more different rhythmic patterns are played at the same time

Question 32

cross rhythm

Answer 32

an effect when different/conflicting rhythm patterns are played together

Question 33

Name some instruments used in African drumming.

Answer 33

``` djembe talking drum agogo bells shekere marimba mbira voices are often added ```

Question 34

djembe

Answer 34

a goblet-shaped drum played with hands to achieve a wide variety of timbre, pitch and volume

Question 35

talking drum

Answer 35

a drum that can be squeezed under the arm or between knees while playing to change the pitch, usually to imitate human speech

Question 36

shakere

Answer 36

a shaker made from a hollow gourd with beads attached

Question 37

marimba

Answer 37

a kind of wooden xylophone

Question 38

mbira

Answer 38

a thumb-piano

Question 39

Name some features of Calypso music.

Answer 39

``` regular 4/4 metre syncopation (polyrhythms & cross-rhythms) major key melody and accompaniment texture (chordal) repeated melodic ideas stepwise melodic intervals, some chromaticism ornamentation verse/chorus structure tonic/dominant bass notes ostinato patterns in accompaniment ```

Question 40

Name some instruments used in Calypso music.

Answer 40

``` banjo guitar mouth organ bongos congas claves maracas ```

Question 41

Name some features of samba.

Answer 41

a leader, who plays the repinique drum and gives signals using a whistle regular 2/4 or 4/4 metre ostinati Latin American rhythms such as the son clave syncopation polyrhythms cross rhythms call and response sudden stops during which players might whoop with high voices before continuing

Question 42

Name some instruments used in samba.

Answer 42

``` repinique surdo tamborim snare drums (caixa) agogo bells shakers claves and wood blocks ```

Question 43

repinique

Answer 43

a tom-tom drum with a tight skin played with a wooden stick | high, strong and penetrating sound suitable for leading the ensemble

Question 44

surdo

Answer 44

large, deep resonating drum used for the rhythmic pulse, played with a soft beater and muted with the hand

Question 45

tamborim

Answer 45

small drum played with wooden or nylon beaters

Question 46

batacuda

Answer 46

a style of samba that is fast and repetitive