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Rhythms of the world Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Commonalities between rhythms of the world (5)

A

Aural tradition
Performed at celebrations
Lots of ornamentation
Lots of melisma
Microtonal intervals

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2
Q

Features of indian classical (5)

A

Aural tradition
Three layers
Performed in concert halls on the floor
No set time signature (free time)
Lots of improvisation

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3
Q

Sitar
type of instrument
what does it play
how are the strings
how are the strings manipulated
how is the melody manipulated
how is the articulation manipulated
what is a feature of the melody

A

String instrument up to 21 strings
plays raga
Open and fretted strings
String bends
slides
Hammer ons and pull offs
Improvisation

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4
Q

Tanpura
type of instrument
what does it play
How many/range of notes played
How does it play the notes

A

String instrument (4 strings)
Plays the drone
Plays a small range of notes (2 or 3)
Notes are long held

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5
Q

Tabla
type of instrument
what is it made up of
how is it played
how is it taught

A

Percussion instrument
Two drums
Performers can make a range of sound by using different parts of their hand and of the drum
Rhythms are taught by ear

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6
Q

Vocals indian classical
what language
how is it sung
how does the melody change
how are the dynamics

A

hindi, urdu or punjabi
melisma
microtonal intervals
expressive with changes in dynamics

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7
Q

what is the raga

A

main melodic layer of indian classical

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8
Q

what is the raga made up of

A

a set of notes like a scale

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9
Q

how many different ragas are ther

A

over 1000

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10
Q

How is the raga used

A

improvised by the performer using the notes

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11
Q

On which instrument is the raga played

A

Sitar/Bansuri (flute)

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12
Q

what is the drone made up of

A

Long held notes

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13
Q

What is the drone used for

A

Forms the accompaniment layer within a performance; adds to the texture

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14
Q

What is the drone performed on

A

Tanpura

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15
Q

What is the tala

A

Rhythmic layer (drum beat)

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16
Q

What is the tala played on

A

The tabla

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17
Q

How many different talas are there

A

Over 1000

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18
Q

How is the tala learnt

A

Using vocal sounds/words (each sound represents striking the drum in a certain way)

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19
Q

What is the first beat of the tala rhythm called

A

Sam

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20
Q

Indian classical music structure

A

Alap
Gat
Jhala

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21
Q

Alap (3)

A

Only raga and drone
free time
heavily improvised

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22
Q

Gat (3)

A

Tabla begins to play
Has a sense of pulse and more fixed tempo
still lots of improvisation

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23
Q

Jhala (3)

A

Builds in intensity and excitement
raga becomes more complex and virtuosic
Builds to a climactic end

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24
Q

Suitable artist for indian classical

A

Ravi shankar

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25
Where does bhangra come from
The punjab region
26
Bhangra music features time structure tempo harmony melody rhythm
4/4 time signature verse chorus structure fast tempo diatonic harmony riffs Chaal rhythm
27
What is the chaal rhythm
Traditional punjabi rhythm
28
On which instrument is the chaal rhythm performed
dhol drum
29
Tumbi
single-stringed instrument
30
Harmonium
Wind instrument that looks likes a keyboard
31
Dhol drum
double headed drum (one tuned low and one high) which plays the chaal rhythm
32
Music technology bhangra (4)
Synthesizers electronic drum beats sampling multitracking (layering music)
33
Vocal features
Punjabi melismatic microtonal intervals expressive with change in dynamics shouts of hoi
34
Suitable artist bhangra
Malkit singh Punjabi MC
35
Features of Greek music time signatures harmony articulation structure
Irregular time signatures melodies harmonised in thirds decorated melodies short repeated sections
36
instruments in greek music (6)
Bouzouki Doumbek Defi Violin Bass guitar Vocals
37
Bouzouki (3)
String instrument like a guitar melodic instrument harmonised in 3rds plays tremolos
38
Doumbek (2)
Traditional goblet shaped drum Can produce different sounds with different parts of the hand/drum
39
Defi (2)
Small hand drum Chimes making it similar to a tambourine
40
Vocals in greek music (4)
Ornamented Melismatic Microtonal In dialogue with the melodic instruments
41
Palestinian music features what is the melodic layer called what is the tonality what is the rythmic layer called Time signature harmony texture
Melody- maqam, which is heavily improvised modal rhythm- wazn either 2/4,4/4, or 6/8 no chords melody and percussion
42
types of instrument palestinian music
oud doumbek
43
oud- palestinian (3)
melodic instrument accompanies vocals scalic runs, glissandos, hammer ons, pull offs
44
Doumbek- palestinian (2)
double sided goblet drum can
45
Vocals palestinian music (4)
ornamentation melisma microtonal intervals arabic
46
Israeli features Rhythm Bass time signature tempo tempo feature how is the melody played how is the melody continued
Syncopated rhythm Bass instrument playing on the beat and root or fifth note 2 or 4 beats in a bar Fast tempo Accelerando Melody often doubled (played on multiple instruments at the same time) Melody passed between instruments
47
Bassline israeli music (2)
Bass plays on the beat usually plays the root and fifth note
48
Instruments used israeli music (var.)
Oud doumbek Drum kit Bass guitar guitar clarinet (melody) violin (melody) flute (melody) vocals (melody) accordion (melody)
49
vocals israeli music (4)
Ornamentation melisma microtonal intervals Lyrics in hebrew or arabic
50
Musical features african drumming rhythm how do the musicians interact use of rhythms who leads it
polyrhythm call and response cyclic rhythms master drummer
51
instruments african drumming (4)
djembe dunun agogo talking drum
52
dunun
double headed drum like a dhol
53
talking drum (3)
held under the players arm hit the drum head squeezing on the ropes on the side of the drum increases pitch
54
structure african drumming (2)
very repetitive solo sections and call and response
55
vocals african drumming (5)
sung or chanted one singer of multiple singers performing in unison simple and repetitive melody in dialogue with the rest of the instruments melisma and microtonal intervals
56
samba features rhythm type of rhythm how do musicians interact use of rhythm beats per bar who leads it
polyrhythms son clave call and response cyclic rhythms 2 or 4 lead drummer
57
son clave rhythm (2)
short repeated rhythmic phrase usually performed on the claves
58
instruments samba (7)
surdo caixa agogo repinique claves brass vocals
59
caixa
snare drum
60
repinique
smaller surdo
61
lead drummer (4)
plays the repinique plays a whistle to give signals to the ensemble decides the structure of the performance leads call and response
62
structure sections samba (4)
polyrhythmic sections unison section solo sections call and response sections
63
vocals samba (4)
singers in unison Portuguese simple and repetitive microtones and melisma
64
features of calypso music rhythm tonality harmony structure melody time texture
syncopated rhythm major tonality simple harmony verse chorus structure simple melody 2/4 beats per bad homophonic texture
65
small steel pans calypso (3)
high pitched play the melody either in unison or harmony
66
medium steel pans calypso (3)
Create the chords hold more than one beater to play more than one note provides accompaniment
67
large steel pans calypso (1)
perform the bass line
68
types of calypso ensemble (2)
typical band with typical instruments steel band
69
steel band features rhythm harmony melody
syncopated rhythm primary chords simple melodies with repeated phrases
70
technique steel pans
tremolo

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