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ENR Biweekly 1 > Richter- Male Reproductive Function > Flashcards

Richter- Male Reproductive Function Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

nurse cell that surrounds germ cells

A

sertoli cells

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2
Q

interstitial cell that makes testosterone

A

Leydig cell

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3
Q

low testosterone, reduced fertility/infertility (still genetically a male) XXY

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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4
Q

gonads are indifferent up to _____ weeks of gestation

A

5

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5
Q

Gene products of the _____ locus drive the development of male gonads

A

SRY (sex-determiningregion of theYchromosome)

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6
Q

_____ cells begin to secrete Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) leading to regression of the Mullerian duct (the precursor of female reproductive structures)

A

Sertoli cells

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7
Q

______ weeks, Leydig cells begin to secrete testosterone (+ feedback for wolffian ducts to allow male reproductive structures to develop)

A

8-9 weeks

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8
Q

______ turned into DHT promotes growth of Wolffian ducts into male reproductive structures

A

testosterone

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9
Q

after 9 weeks, ____ chromosome is activated and initiates oogenesis

A

X chromosome

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10
Q

In absence of AMH, ______ ducts develop into female reproductive structures (no hormone required)

A

Mullerian

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11
Q

_____ ducts regress at 10 weeks due to lack of testosterone

A

Wolffian ducts

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12
Q

_____ ducts need testosterone to develop

A

Wolffian

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13
Q

___ chromosome determines sex

A

Y

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14
Q

primordial germ cells in males

A

spermatogonia

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15
Q

surround germ cells and make AMH in males

A

sertoli cells

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16
Q

surround germ cells and do not make AMH in female

A

granulosa cells

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17
Q

make testosterone in males (androgens)

A

Leydig cell

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18
Q

make estrogen in females (no androgens)

A

Theca cell

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19
Q

creates blood-testis barrier
required for sperm growth and maturation
FSH maintains this cell function

A

Sertoli cell

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20
Q

responsible for testosterone synthesis

A

Leydig cells

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21
Q

____ stimulates testosterone production

A

LH

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22
Q

Leydig cells have high expression levels of _____, one of the rate-limiting enzymes in testosterone synthesis

A

17-beta-HSD

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23
Q

steroid hormone synthesized from cholesterol

A

testosterone

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24
Q

cholesterol of side-chain cleavage enzyme located where

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

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25
enzyme used for the 3 steps going down before testosterone is made
3-beta-HSD
26
enzyme used for estrogen production
aromatase
27
outside of Leydig cell, ____ binds to androgen binding protein synthesized by sertoli cells
testosterone
28
what allows for high accumulation of testosterone in testis
testosterone binding to ABP from sertoli cells
29
how is testosterone transported throughout body
blood bound
30
how does testosterone act on target cells
binding to androgen receptor which is a nuclear receptor that regulates gene expression
31
testosterone can be converted in target tissues to ______
dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
32
testosterone into DHT by what enzyme
5-alpha reductase
33
testosterone into estradiol by what enzyme
aromatase
34
FSH and LH are released from ____ pituitary
anterior
35
characteristics of LH receptor on Leydig cells
Gs (increasing cAMP production to stimulate testosterone synthesis)
36
______ signaling induces StAR
cAMP/PKA
37
_____ promotes transport of cholesterol to the side-chain-cleavage enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane
StAR
38
characteristics of FSH receptor on sertoli cells
Gs which increases cAMP
39
_____ stimulates the expression of aromatase, ABP (androgen binding protein) and growth factors necessary for spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell function.
FSH binding
40
_____ moves through the basal lamina into sertoli cells
testosterone
41
2 fates of testosterone once it goes into sertoli cells:
1. exit into seminiferous tubule lumen and binds ABP and regulates spermatogenesis 2. testosterone can be converted to estradiol 17 beta by aromatase
42
Pulsatile release of _____ from hypothalamic neurons promotes LH and FSH expression and release in the anterior pituitary
GnRH
43
characteristics of GnRH receptor
Gq/PLC (Ca2+)
44
activator of PKC
DAG
45
what promotes synthesis of FSH and LH
PKC
46
____ produces IP3 and releases Ca2+
PLC
47
signals vesicles to fuse with cell membrane and release LH and FSH
Ca2+
48
if sertoli cells receive enough of FSH, what is released
inhibin
49
suppresses anterior pituitary from expressing/secreting FSH
inhibin
50
circulating testosterone blocks _____ release from hypothalamus as well as LH expression in pituitary
GnRH
51
Because the Sertoli cells produce ________ the testis can have high local testosterone without contributing to the NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP.
ABP (androgen binding protein)
52
The effect of _____ on LH expression is mediated primarily upon its conversion to estradiol by the action of aromatase.
testosterone
53
binding ____ to ABP keeps testosterone in blood low and more FSH and LH signaling
testosterone
54
peripheral testosterone suppresses LH and GnRH and FSH; suppress endogenous production of testosterone from Leydig cells; suppress Sertoli cells; suppress spermatogenesis shrivel the balls and suppress fertility
testosterone injections
55
both testosterone and ____ bind same androgen receptor
DHT
56
Growth and development of male genitalia and reproductive structures (vas deferens, epididymis, glands, etc.) Sperm production Libido
testosterone and DHT
57
Growth of penis and scrotum Growth of facial hair Increase prostate growth (prostate hyperplasia) Male pattern baldness
DHT only
58
In utero development of male reproductive tract Increases muscle mass at puberty Regulates liver lipoprotein profiles Promotes male fat distribution Thickens vocal chords
testosterone only
59
testosterone can be converted to ______ in periphery (adipose tissue, bone, brain) by aromatase
estradiol
60
GnRH secretion is low; testes are quiescent; androgen levels low ages?
1-10
61
pulsatile GnRH secretion begins; LH and FSH are released in higher concentrations age?
10-12
62
puberty begins; testosterone levels rise and secondary sex characteristics begin to develop age?
12-14
63
testosterone levels reach maximum age?
18-20
64
reduction in fertility in males after age 40
andropause
65
low or high pH and low or high temp does what to sperm motility
low pH and high temp

ENR Biweekly 1 (11 decks)

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