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RUSVM BacT Spring 2017 > Rickettsia and Chlamydia > Flashcards

Rickettsia and Chlamydia Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F: Rickettsia and chlamydia spps are obligate extracellular pathogens

A

False

OBLIGATE INTRACEULLUR

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2
Q

Rickettsia and chlamydia are gram _______, organism that have _________ morphology

A

Gram NEGATIVE

Coccobacilli

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3
Q

What antimicrobial are all rickettsia and chlamydia spps susceptible to?

A

TETRACYCLINE

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4
Q

What genera are included in the family Anaplasmataceae?

What cells do they infect?

A

Anaplasma
Ehrlichia
Neorickettsia

*infect haematopoietic (cells produced in bone marrow) cells of vertebrate hosts

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5
Q

Rickettsia spps have a tropism for what cells?

A

Endothelium

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6
Q

T/F: Rickettsia are vector borne pathogens

A

TRUE

live in an arthropod host –> TICKS

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7
Q

What bacterium causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

Who does it affect?

A

Rickettsia rickettsia

Humans and Dogs

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8
Q

What clinical signs may you see in a dog with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Bacteria invades endothelium –> hemorrhage - petechial, edema, vasculitis, fever, depression, tissue necrosis (from poor blood supply),vasocontriction

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9
Q

What other pathogen has similar clinical sign to those seen with RMSF (R. rickettsia)?

A

Ehrlichia

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10
Q

What is the best way to diagnose rickettsia?

A

PCR is best

Skin tissue FA

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11
Q

What arthropod is the vector for Rickettsia felis? What dz does it cause

A

Cat flea

“Flea borne spotted fever” in humans

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12
Q

What bacteria are part of the Typhus group of rickettsia? What dz do they cause?

A

R. prowazekii - Epidemic typhus in humans (spread by human and flying squirrel louse)

R. typhi - Murine typhus (opossum-flea cycle)

Oreintia tsutsugamushi - Srub typhus (chigger mites - bird/rodents cycle)

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13
Q

T/F: Anaplasmataceae members are of zoonotic potential

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes what dz and in whom?

A

Agent of Human granulocytic Ehrlichiosis

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15
Q

What cells can you find Anaplasma phagocytophilum in?

A

Neutrophils

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16
Q

What arthropod is responsible for transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum? What other dz/pathogen does it transmit?

A

Ixodes tick

Also transmits Lyme dz (B. burgdorferi)

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17
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is maintained in..?

What host does it infect that is of veterinarian concern?

A

Ixodes and small mammals

Causes necrotizing vasculitis in Horses - usually mild, but can occasionally be fatal (icterus, edema, ataxia –> DIC)

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18
Q

T/F: performing a snap test to dx anaplasmosis in an area with more than one spps is an effective dx method

A

FALSE

It does not differentiate what spps - need PCR

**Snap is proficient if only one spps of anaplasma is endemic in that geographical area

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19
Q

Who is the only known reservoir of Anaplasma platys?

What cells does it infect?

A

DOGS

Platelets

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20
Q

What pathogenesis does A. platys cause?

A

Fever, uveitis, petchia, thrombocytopenia –> can be serious in surgical cases - poor clotting

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21
Q

T/F: Anaplasma platys has a wide host range

A

FALSE

dogs only (for now…)

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22
Q

What animals are most susceptible to Anaplasma marginale infections?

A

Old ruminants

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23
Q

Anaplasma marginale can be found in what cells?

A

Found in the periphery of erythrocytes

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24
Q

T/F: A. maginale is the number once cause of anaplasmosis in ruminants

A

TRUE

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25
T/F: A. marginale is similar to babesia but is not a pathogen that is part of the "tick cattle fever" complex
FALSE
26
_________ is a pathological finding on PM exams of cows that have died from A. marginale infections. This specific finding can be found in animals with Anthrax and babesia infections.
SPLENOMEGALY *for A. marginales - the spleen is enlarged from harboring infected erythrocytes
27
What bacteria causes Tropical Pancytopenia, in what host, and how is it transmitted?
Ehrlichia canis canine brown dog tick
28
T/F: In dogs with tropical pancytopenia, lymphocytosis and hyperglobulinemia is characteristic
TRUE
29
Is tropical pancytopenia a fatal disease?
Depends! It ranges from asymptomatic to fatal
30
What cells does Ehrlichia canis infect?
Endothelial cells, mononuclear cells, lymphocytes
31
E. ewingii causes ...?
Canine granulocytic ehrliciosis
32
What is the causative agent of "heart water disease" and who does it infect?
Ehrlichia ruminantium Ruminants
33
T/F: The ixodes tick transmits heart water disease
FALSE Amblyoma
34
T/F: Ehrlichia ruminatium outbreaks occur from time to time in the US.
FALSE ********THIS IS A REPORTABLE FOREIGN DZ********
35
Where does Ehrlichia ruminatium replicate in the host and what pathogenesis does it cause?
Replication in macrophages and endothelial cells (Brain epithelial cells) Causes pericardial edema, cerebral edema, neurological signs --> DEATH
36
How do you dx Ehrlichia ruminatium?
PM - brain squash smear
37
Potomac horse fever is caused by what pathogen and what is the mode of transmission?
Neorickettsia risticii Transmitted via ticks and flukes (of brown bats) - aquatic snails/insects are part of the life cycle
38
T/F: Neorickettsia risticii causes mild disease in horses
FALSE -- fatal dz
39
What clinical signs may be observed in a horse with Potomac horse fever? Where does the bacteria replicate?
Replication in macrophages and enterocytes Hemorrhagic dhr, anorexia, leukopenia --> death
40
What is the causative agent for Salmon poisoning in dogs and how do they get it?
Neorickettsia helminthoeca Dogs get this pathogen by eating salmon that have infected flukes
41
What clinical signs will be observed in a dog with Neorickettsia helminthoea?
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, fever, depression | fatal if untreated
42
How do you dx salmon poising in dogs and what drug(s) are used to treat it?
Clinical signs, history, and fecal sediment for fluke eggs Tetracyline and praziquantal supportive care prn
43
T/F: Chlamydia is dimorphic
TRUE
44
What stage of chlamydia is infectious?
Extracellular - non-replicating phase aka elementary bodies
45
What is the non infective stage of chlamydia?
Intracellular replicating aka reticulate body
46
T/F: Animals get chlamydia via direct contact, ingesting, or inhaling reticulate bodies
FALSE Elementary bodies are infectious!!
47
T/F: Chlamydia psittacia is zoonotic and is BSL4 pathogen
FASLE It is zoonotic and BSL3 REPORTABLE
48
Chlamydia abortus causes abortion in what animals?
Ruminants
49
Chlamydia pecorum causes what? Who is the host?
Polyarthritis and polyserositis in ruminants "stiff lamb dz" and sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis
50
Chlamydia are parasites of _________
Epithelium
51
Chlamydia felis causes what in cats?
Conjunctivitis and rhinitis
52
Who does Chlamydia pneumonia infect?
Humans and Koala bears
53
How is C. psittaci transmitted?
Elementary bodies are shed in the feces of carries (birds) and then they are inhaled into the lungs or ingested
54
What spps of chlamydia causes multi organ septicemia that can result in hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and fibrinous pericarditis
Chlamydia psittaci
55
How can you diagnose C. psittaci?
Direct smear using Giemsa stain, PCR, FA
56
What pathogen causes Q fever (Queen fever)?
Coxiella burnetii
57
T/F: Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen that has bioterrorism potential
TRUE
58
Coxiella burnetii is endemic in what hosts?
cattle/sheep/goats
59
What is the MOI of Coxiella burnetii?
This pathogen is resistant in the environment (endospore-like) and is shed in milk, urine, and feces (of carriers which can be asymptomatic). Infection occurs via **inhalation, ingestion, direct contact
60
T/F: Pasteurizing milk should kill Coxiella burnetii
TRUE
61
What clinical signs might you seen in a human patient with Q fever? Signs in a ruminant?
prolonged flu like illness, hepatitis, endocarditis goat/sheep/cattle - are often subclinical female carriers but may experience placentitis and abortion
62
How do you dx and tx Q fever?
Dx: PCR Tx: **early detection is key - tetracycline and fluroquinolones are drug of choice **good hygiene
63
Coxiella burnetii is an obligate ________ pathogen.
INTRACELLULAR
64
T/F: Chlamydia is referred to as energy parasites bc they create a lot of ATP
FALSE bc they DO NOT generate ATP

RUSVM BacT Spring 2017 (15 decks)

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