Rights in Land Flashcards

(50 cards)

1
Q

Rights in Land

Easement

A

right to come onto land to do something or prevent you from doing somehting

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2
Q

Rights in Land

Ways to create an easement
PrEx NecImp

A

1) express
2) prescription
3) implication
4) necessity

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3
Q

Rights in Land

Esement by prescription

A

(like adverse possession)
-continuous for statutory period
-open and notorious
-actual
-hostile

(does not need to be exclusive)

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4
Q

Rights in Land

Easement by Implication

A

implied from prior use

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5
Q

Rights in Land

Easement by Necessity

A

no other way to get on property
(necessary-need to do it)

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6
Q

Rights in Land

Positive v Negative Easements

A

positive- right to do something on the land
negative-prevent doing something on the land

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7
Q

Rights in Land

How long do Easements last

A

FOREVER

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8
Q

Rights in Land

Termination of Easement

Ways to terminate and easement
I Agree to Merge and Abandon in Time

A

1) by agreement
2) time
3) merger
4) abandonment
I agree to merge and abandon in time

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9
Q

Rights in Land

Requirements for Abandonment of Easement

A

1) must leave AND
2) express intent not to return

nonuse is NOT enough

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10
Q

Rights in Land

Covenant Creation

A

always created in writing
promise for a promise
governed by contract principles

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11
Q

Rights in Land

Negative v Positive Covenant

A

positive: allowed to do something
negative: restricted from doing something

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12
Q

Rights in Land

How long do covenants last?

A

Forever if they ‘run with the land’

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13
Q

Rights in Land

What does it mean for a covenant to ‘run with the land’?

A

1) in writing
2) intent
3) notice
4) privity
5) touch and concern the land

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14
Q

Rights in Land

What does it mean to “touch and concern the land”?

A

about the use of the land

means it is not for personal use

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15
Q

Rights in Land

What does it mean to not run with the land

A

1) personal use or
2) a covennant in a lease (contractual relationship)

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16
Q

Rights in Land

Equitable Servitude

A

looks like a restrictive covenant but seeking injuction instead of damages

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17
Q

Rights in Land

Implied Reciprocal Servitude

A

large tract of land/divided
restriction against all landowners
1) must be enforceable againast ALL AND
2) notice

Go on forever and are enforceable

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18
Q

Rights in Land

how to know there is an implied reciprocal servitude

A

look for common scheme- restrictions common to everyone

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19
Q

Rights in Land

How long do these servitudes last?

A

forever unless change in circumstance
-restrictions last forever as long as profile and character of community remains the same

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20
Q

Rights in Land

License

A

right to enter property
-revocable at the will of the grantor

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21
Q

Rights in Land

Profit

A

interest in land to take things off of the land (mining, drilling, etc)

22
Q

Rights in Land

Taking

A

governemnt can take private property for public use for jsut compensation

23
Q

Rights in Land

Water Rights

A

2 types of water questions
-bodies of water
-melted snow or rain

24
Q

Rights in Land

Quesiton with bodies of water on 2 lands

A

reasonable use of water if it affects the other landowner

25
# Rights in Land Question with melted snow or rain
reasoanble means to alter flow even if it harms other owner to some degree (cannot flood, just reasonable)
26
# Rights in Land Crops
1) If on the property, (trees, grass) naturally, part of the real property -real property goes along with the title 2) If planted, personal property -still goes with grantee unless a) expressly held by grantor or b) tenants had right to harvest before sale
27
# Rights in Land Support Rights
1) undeveloped land damages= strict liability 2) developed= a)strictly liable if it would have happened anyway (building did not contribute) b) negligence if it would not have happened (buildings contributed to collapse)
28
# Rights in Land Underneath, subjacent digging
Liable based on negligence
29
# Nuisance Private Nuisance
unreasonable intereference with use and enjoyments of property | objective, reasonable person standard
30
# Nuisance Public Nuisance
effects public at large -suit is brought by a public official -if private idfnividual brings the suit, must prove special damages
31
# CIC Common Interest Owned Community
development where individual lot owners have covenant requiring payment of dues to an association (HOA)
32
# CIC Types of CICs
1) Property owners association: owners required to belong and pay dues to association 2) condominium: created by statute, declaration, and a plat describing boundaries and common areas (owners have individual mortgages)
33
# Condos CIC Condominium Declaration
sets forth obligations and rights of owners and each owners share percentage to pay taxes, maintenance etc
34
# Rights in Land Condominium ownership
each owner owns indiivdual structure of unit (walls, celing ,etc) common areas- each owner owns as Tin C with other owners (cannot partition)
35
# CoOps Co-Op
corporation owns one or more buildings and lease to shareholders -blanket mortgage on whole property
36
Running a CIC
1) Declaration- contains rules, covenants, etc. 2) Governing documetns: bylaws, Articles of Incorporation governing the association | Declaration is always given most weight
37
# CICs Association
manages day to day, board runs the association, board memeber elected by members of the association, board may hire a manager
38
# CIC Developer
creates assopciation and over time transfers power to the association--association can terminate rights with developer (has 2 years to vote to terminate by 2/3 vote)--may not use power to change declaration, to change character of neighborhood (unless declaration allows)
39
# CIC What board can and cant do. Board rules and fees must be:
-**reasonably related to furthering a legitimate purpose** of the association -cannot make rules that restrict use of any owner -can impose fines and reasonable inspections -can take away privileges -can sue
39
# CIC community powers of the board
board msut act reasonably necessary for property at lard (ie- if the property needs a new roof, must replace) -board levies a tax for repairs, implements fees, etc.
40
# CIC Borard's Duty to Members
1) ordinary care in managing property and finainacial affairs 2) transparency (have to give reasonable access to members to information)
41
# CIC Duties of Board
-act in GF -act as ordinary director of CIC
42
# CIC Liability of Board Members
not joint and severally liable
43
Fixtures
Chattel that has been so affixed to the land that it has ceased being personal property and has become part of the realty
44
Common ownership
When a person owns both the land and the fixtures affixed to it
45
Divided ownership
Occurs when a landlord owns the property, but someone wise affixed the chattel to the land
46
Ownership of chattel in divided interest cases
Question is whether the ownership of the chattel has passed to the landowner.
47
Accession
Term used to describe the intent of the annexor to make the chattels a permanent part of the real estate
48
When do items become part of realty
When they become incorporated into the realty sinfully thaf they lose thier identity or when identitificario. Of the xhattelnisnsrill possible but removal would cause considerable loss or destruction
49
Trade fixtures exception
Tenants could remove an item used in the trade or business that would have otherwise become a fixture on the realty unless it will cause substantial damage