Rio 2

Question 1

Why is there traffic congestion?

Answer 1

Steep mountains
Tunnels through mountains needed to connect different areas
Number of cars grown by 40%
High crime levels- people prefer to travel by car

Question 2

Solution for traffic congestion

Answer 2

Expansion of metro system under Guanabara Bay, to South zone and Barra da Tijuca
New toll roads into city centre
Coast roads 1 way in rush hour

Question 3

Sources of water pollution

Answer 3

Many of 55 rivers into bay heavily polluted
Polluted by run off from open sewers in flavelas
Over 200 tonnes of raw sewage pours into bay each day
Over 50 tonnes industrial waste enters bay each day
Been oil spills from Petrobras oil refinery
Ship empties fuel tank in bay, no facilities

Question 4

Solution of water pollution

Answer 4

12 sewage works been built since 2004 at US$ 68 million
Ships fined for discharging fuel into bay illegally
5km of new sewage pipes installed around badly polluted areas

Question 5

Waste pollution

Answer 5

Flavelas

Access difficult for waste collection lorries. Most waste therefore dumped into water.

Question 6

Solution of waste pollution

Answer 6

Power plants been set up near Uni of Rio using methane gas.

Question 7

Why have flavelas grown?

Answer 7

Illegal settlements where people built homes on land that they don’t own.

Question 8

Where are flavelas located?

Answer 8

60% in suburbs
25% in outer parts of city
some 40km from city centre

Question 9

Rocinha

Answer 9

Largest flavela
75000 population, expected to be 3x higher
Overlooks wealthy area of Copacabana and Ipanema
Flavela now has:
90% houses built with brick and with electricity, running water & sewage systems
Many houses with TVs and fridges
Own newspaper and radio station
Retail facilities including food, clothes and video rental shops, bars, travel agent and Mcdonald’s
Schools, health facilities & uni

Question 10

Challenges of squatter settlements

Answer 10

Construction 
Services
Unemployment 
Crime 
Health

Question 11

How is construction a challenge?

Answer 11

Houses poorly constructed
Built on steep slopes, heavy rain & storms cause landslide
Limited road access

Question 12

How is services a challenge?

Answer 12

12% homes no running water
over 30% no electricity
50% no sewer connection
Illegal connections to electricity pylons
Sewers often open drains
Drinking water from tapping into city water main. Bottom of steep slopes, several trips each day

Question 13

Why is unemployment a challenge?

Answer 13

Rates as high as 20%
Poorly paid, irregular jobs
Average incomes less than £75 a month

Question 14

Why is crime a challenge?

Answer 14

High murder rate of 20 per 1000 people in many flavelas
Drug gangs dominate many flavelas
Many inhabitants distrust police because violence and corruption

Question 15

Why is health a challenge?

Answer 15

Population density of 37000 per km squared
Infant mortality rates as high as 50 per 100
Waste not disposed of, increase danger of disease
Burning running sets fire to wooden houses

Question 16

How are flavelas improved?

Answer 16

moving people to new areas, reduce overcrowding
Develop rural areas
Raise taxes on rich to help fund poor
Develop cultural activities for youngsters
Rehousing from flavela to basic house
Forced eviction to clear land for development

Question 17

Flavela Bairro project- improving life in flavelas

Answer 17

Paved roads
Access to water supply and drainage
a secure hillsides- landslide
New health, leisure and education facilities
Cable car system
Access to credit
100% mortgages 
Pacifying Police Unit

Question 18

Effect of Olympics on flavelas

Answer 18

Some demolished. About 1000 lost homes, 3000 more planned to be demolished
800 new houses built in Campo Grande