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Geography - Human > Rio + Leeds > Flashcards

Rio + Leeds Flashcards

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1
Q

Examples of mega cities

A

Tokyo
London
New york

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2
Q

What is a mega city

A

A city with 10 million or more people

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3
Q

How many mega cities where there in 1950

A

2

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4
Q

Examples of urbanisation problems

A

Pollution
Access to green space
Employment
Meeting needs of population
Crime
Services

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5
Q

Examples of urban areas

A

London
Leeds
Edinburgh

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6
Q

Will population increase or decrease in urban areas in the future

A

Increase

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7
Q

is the rate of urbanisation faster in LIC , NEEs and HICs

A

LICs and NEEs

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8
Q

How has the rural population changed throughout time (since 1950)

A

Rural population has increased yet it is predicted to remain constant

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9
Q

What is natural increase

A

When there are more births than deaths

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10
Q

What are push factors

A

Negatives which drives people away from a place

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11
Q

What are pull factors

A

Positives that draw people to a new location

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12
Q

Examples of push factors

A

War
Lack of services
Poverty
Flooding
Crop failure

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13
Q

Examples of pull factors

A

Higher employment
More wealth
Good climate
Politicalstability

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14
Q

What are the two groups of cities called

A

Developed and developing

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15
Q

Where is Tokyo located

A

Capital of Japan
I’m Asian of coast of Russia and Korea (to the east)

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16
Q

what is the population on Tokyo

A

14 million

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17
Q

Why are people migrating to Tokyo

A

Japan has one of the lowest crime lates

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18
Q

Push factors of Tokyo

A

Not much culture mix
Massive population

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19
Q

Pull factors if Tokyo

A

Advanced transport + technology ideas
Good economy
Many jobs
Educational area / opportunities

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20
Q

What opportunities do HIC mega cities bring

A

Wifi - tech
Better services
Lower levels of poverty
Higher QOL

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21
Q

What opportunities do LIC mega cities bring

A

More job opportunities

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22
Q

Why do women have more children in LICs

A

Higher infant mortality
Deliberately large families for work
Less access to contraception

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23
Q

What are the challenges of mega cities

A

Unsustainable
Little
Disease spread quicker so overcrowded
Pressure on health services
Crime
Pollution
Inequality
Traffic
Ect,

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24
Q

Opportunities in Tokyo

A

Largest stock market in Asia
Profitable location for businesses

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25
Challenges I’m Tokyo
Overpopulation Housing shortages Against population
26
How many people line In urban areas? (1/2)
1/2
27
Why is Rio significant
Contains one of the natural wonders of the world Held Olympics in 2016 Second largest economy in Brazil Major port + international airport 4th richest metropolis in Latin America Major importance in global economy as it’s an industrial finance centre
28
Where is Rio located
Continent of South America Brazil Located near Atlantic Ocean in the south east region
29
What is in central Rio
Many historic buildings Main shopping area Contains financial headquarters Brazil’s largest oil + mining companies
30
What is in south zone Rio
Rios main tourist hotels Beach’s such as copacbana Wealthiest district in whole of South America + largest favela in south american
31
What is in west zone Rio
Changed from a lower class area into a wealthy costal suburb Malls, recreation , apartments Low quality housing, Olympic stadium
32
What is in north zone Rio
Cities main industrial port area Cities international airport Low quality housing + favelas
33
Favelas are home to what % of Rios population
23%
34
Why haven’t favelas been developed for over a century
Because neglect has been constant
35
Who are favelas built by
Residents
36
What do typical favelas have
Poor infrastructure- leading to difficulties in electricity + plumbing
37
Population of Rio
13,500,000
38
What culture is in Rio
UNESCO world heritage site Christ the redeemer which is 1 of the 7 wonders of the world
39
What are Rios main services
Banking Finance and insurance
40
What does Rio export
Sugar Coffee Iron ore Textiles
41
What mountain is located in Rio
Sugar load mountain
42
What sporting events has Rio held
2014 World Cup, 2016 olympics
43
How and why has Rio grown
Be aimed major industrial administrative Commercial and tourist centre Economy of Rio has attracted lots of migrants from Brazil and other places - increases population- contributes to economic development
44
Where have migrants / immigrants come from to live in Rio
Other parts of Brazil South America South Korea China Portugal Uk USA
45
What history is in Rio
The french wanted to make the best of the possibilities Rio had to get a foothold in the city but were forced out after two years of war
46
What are some problems with living in Rio (push factors)
Little education Most migrants live in shanty towns Overcrowded Disease ridden Poor thin soil makes farming extremely difficult drought Unreliable rainfall Hot weather Extreme dry periods
47
Pull factors in Rio
Many rich people living in rio Big wealthy city Higher wages
48
Challenges in urbanisation in Rio
Poverty Employment Pollution Waste disposal Crime Water Landslides Education Energy
49
How is poverty a challenge in Rio
Huge rich and poor gap
50
How is employment a challenge in Rio
New job opportunities and the poor transport system makes it difficult to travel to work
51
How is population a challenge in Rio
Litter traffic congestion in the city
52
How is waste disposal a challenge in Rio
In favelas there are no sewage or waste recovery system
53
How is population a challenge in Rio
Population is very dense in favelas therefore disease can spread faster Leads to higher infant mortality rate Limited waste collection increase risk of disease
54
How is crime in Rio a challenge
Crime rate in favelas are very high Violence and drugs are a huge issue
55
How is landslides a challenge in Rio
The housing In Favelas are poor quality and are built on hillsides Therefore leads to the risk of landslides + injuries
56
How is water a challenge in Rio
Challenge providing clean water and sanitation
57
How is education a challenge in Rio
Lack of schools and teachers Some live a large distance away from the closest school Some children need to work for families so can’t attend school
58
How is energy a challenge in Rio
Electrical supplies are overloaded causes significant issues in hospitals as of the amount of power cuts
59
Economic opportunities in Rio
Job opportunities Tourism bring in money
60
Economic challenges in Rio
Lots of money pored into touristic attractions lots of people struggle to pay bills Massive rich and poor gap
61
Social opportunities in Rio
Beautiful views Community Sports teams
62
Social challenges in Rio
Drugs and gangs Long walk to school for many No waste sure, Not any medical professionals Riots
63
What was the health care challenge in Rio
2013 only 55% of city had a local family health clinic
64
What was the solution to the healthcare challenge in Rio
Medical staff took a health kit into peoples homes and could detect 20 differentdiseases + treat then Increase life expectancy
65
What are the education challenges in Rio
Many drop out of education and start drug trafficking Shortages of nearby schools + teachers Poor training of teachers
66
What is the solution to the education challenge in Rio
Encouraged locals to volunteer to help in schools Giving school grants to poor families so they can keep their children in school
67
What are the water supply challenges in Rio
12% of Rios population don’t have access to clean water 37% ornate us lost through leaky pipes
68
What is the solution to the water supply challenge in Rio
7 new treatment plants 1998-2014 300km of pipes where laid By 2014 95% of population had water supply
69
What are the energy challenges in Rio
City suffers frequent blackouts due to electricity shortages Poorer parts of Rio get electricity by illegally tapping into main supply
70
What is the solution to the energy challenge in Rio
Installed 60km of new power line New nuclear Generator
71
Examples of employment in Rio
Manufacturing steel Tourism Services Industries Construction Retail
72
What is being done to improve education in Rio
After school programs Free education for children living in favelas
73
How does better education improve quality of life in Rio
Get education Find work for future If children in school they aren’t in gangs
74
What is being done to improve housing on sleep slopes in Rio
Housing on steep hillsides are removed People relocated to safter areas
75
How does improving houses on steep slopes improve QOL in Rio
Safer for residents Fewer deaths
76
What is being done to improve infrastructure in Rio
Stress and roads have been widened
77
How does improving infrastructure improve QOL in Rio
More cars on roads means more traffic However wider roads means less traffic and people can get to work easier and quicker
78
Why is a cable car been installed in Rio
Quicker travel Less pollution Better access for injured
79
What is a self help scheme in Rio and how does it improve QOL
Given building materials (wood, brick) Environmental improvements Stronger stabler housing
80
What happens in the site + services scheme in Rio and how does it improve QOL
Brick houses Built with electricity, running water + sanitation pipes Improves health, helps housing become more stable and safe
81
What happens with the police pacifying unit in Rio and how does it improve quality of life
Police patrol favelas so there are less gangs Less deaths in favelas
82
What is in a health and leisure centre in Rio and how does it Improve QOL
Helps people with drug and alcohol abuse Day care for young so parents can work Parents working gives them money to help QOL
83
An example of an urban transport scheme
Congestion charge
84
Economic advantages of congestion charge
Cheaper to install than other scenes
85
Environmental advantages of congestion charge
Reduce noise amd air pollution Dear ease Co2 emissions
86
Social advantage of congestion charge
Less cars on road - decrease accident rate and overall increase the safety of the people living there
87
Disadvantages of congestion charge
Increase rich and poor gap as only rich will be able to afford daily change People waiting to get to work might not be able to afford costs and be late for work This will overall decrease government wealth
88
What is congestion charge
Between allocated hours on week days there will be a costly change to travel by car on the roads of the city
89
Why is congestion charge used
Reduce cars on the road and the use of cars in the city overall
90
What was the aim of the barrio projects
Recognise the favelas as neighbourhoods of the city and provide them with essential services
91
What is urban deprivation
A standard of living below that of the majority in a particular country that involves hardship and lack of access to recourses
92
Indicators that an area may be deprived
Low life expectancy Litter Overcrowding Poor housing High levels of pollution Inequality Low Literacy rates High crime rates
93
Why would low life expectancy indicate a deprived area
Low health as less access to quality health care
94
Why would litter indicate a deprived area
Litter could indicate a lack of services
95
Why would over crowding indicate a deprived area
Many people love there as it’s cheaper Meaning the building materials will be cheaper and not as good quality
96
What is an opportunity
a set of circumstances that make it possible to do something such as getting a job
97
What is urban greening
When they grow plant s wherever possible in towns + cit s
98
Examples of urban greening in Leeds
Rounday park - one of the largest city parks in Europe
99
Benefits of greening urban areas
Improving air quality Improve health acts as a habitat for wildlife Improve mental and physical health
100
Why is education a challenge in Leeds
Language barrier due to migration make it harder to teach all students overcrowding, children unable to attend Won’t give same quality of education
101
Ways to manage congestion in Leeds
Bus lane One way system Bike lanes Encouraging car sharing
102
Describe the population distribution in the UK
The higher populated areas are mainly located in the English morelands with an anomaly of London in the south. In the north of the Uk the cities population decrease and as we go west population in cities also decrease England is the UKs country with the most major cities A lot of the major cities are located on the coast - the largest cities is London
103
What is suburbanisation
When people move from the city centre to the suburbs of the city
104
What is counter urbanisation
When people move from town and cities to the countryside
105
Leeds is the UKs - - - - growing city, with the —- largest employment total outside London
Fastest Second
106
How many people commute to work in Leeds from outside the district every day
110,000
107
The Leeds city region has a workforce of how many and a business base of how many
1.9 million 106,000 (generating 5% of England’s total economic output worth almost £56 billion per year)
108
What % of manufacturing in the UK takes place within a 2- hour drive of Leeds
50%
109
How many jobs in advanced engineering, medical technology, food and drink, chemicals and priming in Leeds
152,000
110
What growth (%) has Leeds Branford airport had over the last 5 years
75% (More than 450 weekly flights take over 2.8 million travelers to 70 major intermational businesses and holiday destinations)
111
5 reasons why Leeds is a major city in both the uk and in wider regions
Retail opportunities Airport 4 university’s Sports (rugby, football and cricket) Music
112
What is a migrant
Someone who moves to another country
113
What is immigration
The movement of people into an area
114
What is an emigrant
Someone who leaves a country or area
115
Positives of migrants moving to Leeds
Cultural diversity Helps overcome labour (workforce) shortages Immigrants are often prepared to do unskilled jobs Cheap labour (there willing to work for minimum wage)
116
Negatives of migrants moving to Leeds
Language problems Racial / ethnic problems Jobs lost to incoming workers Loss of the most likely to have education and skills Limited skills / education in immigrant population Pressure on housing and services
117
Why do migrants often settle in larger cities or capital cities
More likely to have heard of larger cities More services Better education / job opportunities Better migrant support in cities More public transport Apartment blocks (low rent)
118
What is urban deprivation in the UK measured upon
Multiple deprivation index Areas are ranked in rider of deprivation based upon ‘multiple’ factors such as income, employment, crime and health
119
Where does Leeds score when ranking on proportion of neighbourhoods in most deprived 10% nationally
31 / 326
120
What is deindustrialisation
The reduction in manufacturing
121
Social challenges of deindustrialisation
In armley 23.2% of people do not have any qualification The population of Leeds is expecting to grow so there will be greater demands on housing
122
Economic challenges of deindustrialisation
The industrial mills in armley closed in the early 1970s so many people lost jobs
123
Environmental challenges of deindustrialisation
More traffic will be created by commuter villages like drighlington Litter is dropped in run down, derelict areas which poses hazards to wildlife More houses will be built on greenfield land, destroying habitats
124
Brownfield site
Relating to urban sites for potential building development that have had previous development on them
125
Greenfield site
A site that has never had any building development take place on it
126
Opportunities created by urban change
Urban greening Transport improvements - guided busway Transport improvements - high speed rail 2 Culture Employment
127
What is urban greening
Planting plants wherever possible in towns and cities Leeds is home to many green spaces such as round hay park - one of the largest city parks in Europe.
128
Benefits of greening urban areas
Improving air cooling, making it more bearable In town and cities in hot weather Insulation of buildings by garden vegetation Improving air quality Storm water mitigation which helps to reduce garden flooding A source of habitat for wildlife Improved health for plants and people who garden more
129
What are guided busway (how are they an opportunity )
Segregated transport corridors for bus services, allowing operations of regular reliable services with reduced influence from traffic congestion The permanent infrastructure of a dedicated busway improves public perception of bus travel and reduce congestion in urban areas
130
What is the high speed rail 2
The busiest station in north England - passenger number is predicated to double in the next 30 years
131
Examples of contemporary culture in Leeds
The grand theatre - plays host to many world famous musicals such as mamma Mia and Chicago The Leeds playhouse is home to musicals, comedy performances and film The first direct arena was votes the best venue in the world 2014 at stadium business awards
132
Employment in Victoria gate
£168 million development in Leeds city centre which is hoke to the larger John Lewis department store outside London 550 jobs created in John Lewis store Victorian super casino - 1400 person capacity and provided approximately 200 jobs
133
Opportunity’s created by urban change in Leeds
Cultural mix - Opportunity to experience different cultures and learn and see culture such as grandad and Leeds Playhouse Recreation and entertainment- The grand theatre the leads play house the first district area Employment - Gives people opportunity to make money to improve quality of life and give people other choices for money than crime Transports systems - Opportunity to allow people to get to work on time using the guided busway is also reduces pollution and allows a healthy city Urban greening - Open green spaces improves peoples mental and physical health therefore improving the quality of life and giving them more opportunities in life
134
Examples of how the greenhouse development in Leeds uses green energy to be more energy efficient
Ground source heat pumps to provide hot water large wind turbines to provide homes and businesses with electricity solar panels to provide hot water homes well insulated with latest double glazing homes and have low energy washing machines
135
Examples of sustainable transport initiatives to become more eco friendly by the Leeds greenhouse development
Car sharing club with cars using bio fuel, green busses run from the greenhouse development to the dirty centre and implement cycle tracts into city
136
Why did the area where the beeston, Leeds greenhouse development need regenerating
Derelict Lots of graffiti Very poor living conditions Doesn’t attract new businesses to the area
137
What is sustainably urban living
improving the environment for people now and preserving it for the fur trees generations through using renewable resources and energy efficient.
138
What is the park and ride sustainable-transport scheme and where has it been successful
Drivers leave cars in parking in ourite cities and catch regular buses into i City centre (successful in eland road)
139
How will park and ride reduce traffic congestion
Reduces congestion as less people have cars in the dirty and a easier alternative than trying to park in the city centre
140
Advantages of park and ride
Cheaper than parking in city centre Reduces air / noise pollution
141
Disadvantages of park and ride
Increase for more space Only seeds jeorney if there is a dedicated buss lane Less convenient
142
What is the bus lane sustainable-transport scheme and where has it been successful
Lanes exclusive to busses so no other traffic Dan slow it down (efficient) Successful in New York
143
How will bus lanes reduce traffic congestion
Reduced amounts Of cars on the road Influence others to take public transport as of the quicker speed
144
Advantages of bus lanes
Less traffic Quicker Less effect on environment
145
Disadvantages of bus lanes
Cramped Waiting for bus Cost of bus
146
What is the trams sustainable-transport scheme and where has it been successful
Trolls ot street cart and transports people using electricity in overhead wires Successful in Amsterdam
147
How will trams reduce traffic congestion
Runs on electricity Transports number of people at once - less people on roads - quicker so people would rather take a train than a car
148
Advantages of trams
Quicker Job opportunities
149
Disadvantages of trams
reduces speed for other transports Expensive to instal
150
What is the high occupancy lane sustainable-transport scheme and where has it been successful
Lane allowing cars with 2 or more people in to travel dowm Success in leeds
151
How will high occupancy lanes reduce congestion
Encouraged car sharing and Public transport To reduce jeoney as the lanes are less congested
152
Advantages of high occupancy lanes
Less pollution People on time for work
153
Disadvantages of high occupancy lanes
Time consuming Costly
154
What is the cycle superhighway sustainable-transport scheme and where has it been successful
Dedicated cycling route Increase levels of cycling Success in Leeds
155
How will a cycle superhighway reduce traffic congestion
Speed up roads as busses can’t disrupt cars and is also less fpdangerous for the bikes ir they are sperated form cars
156
Advantages of cycle superhighway
Healthier population Safer urban environment Less pollution
157
Disadvantages of the cycle superhighway
Expensive to install

Geography - Human (3 decks)

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