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SWS > Rioja > Flashcards

Rioja Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 river valleys in Rioja (O-N-I-L-J-C-A)

A

Oja - Najerila - Iregua - Leza - Jubera - Cidacos - Alhama

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2
Q

What wind blows through Rioja and what are its effects

A

Cierzo wind (most dominant in Rioja Occidental) chases away humidity and moderates temps. ( grapres ripen more gradually and are less prone to disease)

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3
Q

What are the 3 soil types in Rioja?

A

Calcareous Clay (chalk)
Ferrous Clay
Alluviums

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4
Q

Where is Calcarous Clay mostly found?

A

On steep terraces extending from Cordillera Cantábrica to the banks of Ebro River.
(Poor soils that are difficult to irrigate and cultivate)
Mostly found in Rioja Alavesa & Near river in Rioja Alta

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5
Q

Who were the largest vineyard owners during the Middle Ages?

A

The Monasteries of San Millán de Cogolla : Suso y Yuso

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6
Q

What was Suso recognized for?

A

First written evidence of day Castillian Spanish of Benedictine community

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7
Q

Evidence shows that wine was being exported from Rioja as early as what century?

A

As early as the late 13th C.

Wines was brought to Bilbao and Santander and sold to English and Dutch merchants.

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8
Q

Considering the thriving production and export activity, in what year did the local autorities create safeguards to protect the quality and reputation of Rioja Wines?

A

1560

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9
Q

What happened in 1560?

A

Creation of safeguards to protect the quality and reputation of Rioja Wines considering the thriving production and export activity.

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10
Q

How did the local autorities safeguard the quality and reputation of Rioja wines in 1560? (2)

A

1- They prohibited the use of grapes grown outside of Rioja.

2- The wines were to be transported in specific vessels branded with a seal to guarantee their place of origin. (This protective measure was the 1st of its kind.)

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11
Q

In what year was the Real Sociedad Económica de Cosecheros de Rioja created and what was their purpose?

A

1787
Continue to protect Rioja’s reputation, as well as monitor and regulate vine cultivation, wine production and wine exportation.

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12
Q

Who took exile in Bordeaux during the 3 Carlist Wars (1833-1876) ?
What did they learn and what was the outcome?

A

Marqués de Murrieta & Marqués de Riscal

They learned valuable viticultural and vinicultural techniques from the French and this drastically improved the quality of the wine and exports grew considerably

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13
Q

In what year was Rioja officially recognized as a Designation of origin?

A

1925

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14
Q

In what year was the Province of Logroño renamed La Rioja?

A

1980

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15
Q

In what year did la Rioja get recognized as a single province with historical identity and obtain the status of Autonomous Community?

A

1982

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16
Q

In 1982, what new qualitative and quantitative measures did the Consejo Regulador introduce in order to improve quality?

A

It introduced the monitoring of :

  • harvest yields
  • production volume
  • tracked aging/barrel, regimens for each vintage
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17
Q

How did Rioja obtain the DOCa status in 1991?

A

By raising the quality bar (introduction of new qualitative and quantitative measures in 1982)

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18
Q

What are the climates of the 3 Rioja zones?

A

Rioja Alavesa & Rioja Alta : Continental with Maritime influences - More humid
Rioja Oriental : Continental with Mediteranean infuences - More arid - warmest

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19
Q

Rioja Alavesa Soils

A

Clacareous (chalky) clay with high limestone content

20
Q

Rioja Alta soils

A

Concentration of Calcareous clay but there is also Ferrous clay and alluvial deposits (alluvium)

21
Q

Rioja Oriental soils

A

Ferrous clay & Alluvial deposits (More alluvial than in alta)

22
Q

Requirements for labeling a wine Crianza, Reserva or Gran Reserva (5)

A
  • 225-liter oak barrels (barriques)
  • No oak chips or staves allowed
  • Uninterrupted time in oak
  • Aging of Blance or Rosado must be approved by consejo regulador prior
  • If White grapes incorporated in red : max 5% if detemmed and 15% if whole clusters
23
Q

What % of wines produced in Rioja are Crianza?

A

40%

24
Q

What % of wines produced in Rioja are Reserva?

A

18%

25
Q

What % of wines produced in Rioja are Gran Reserva?

A

2%

26
Q

What is the Rioja Trustseal?

A

A small metallic-looking strip depicting parts of the DOCa logo and the word ‘‘Rioja’’ is embedded in the color-coded label placed on each bottle.

27
Q

What is Navarra’s primary soil type?

A

It is primarily alluvial : proximity of numerous rivers.

28
Q

Navarra is know for what type of wine?

A

Rosado

29
Q

What % of Navarra’s total production is vino rosado?

A

30%

30
Q

What is Navarra’s mostly planted white grape?

A

Chardonnay

31
Q

Blended red wine is customary in Navarra. What are the 3 dominant grapes in these mixes?

A

Tempranillo - Cab. Sauv. - Merlot

32
Q

Navarra’s authorized red grapes?

A

Tempranillo & Garnacha tinta

33
Q

5 sub-zones of Navarra

A 
Tierra Estrella
Valdizarbe
Baja Montaña
Ribera Alta
Ribera Baja
34
Q

Aragón is known as?

A

The birthplace of Garnacha

35
Q

In which DOPs is Garnacha the most planted grape? And what is the exception and why?

A

Catalayud - Campo de Borja & Cariñena

exception : Somontano - has more international varieties (Cab. Sauv - Merlot & Chardonnay = 65% plantings)

36
Q

What year did Rioja Baja become Rioja Oriental?

A

2018

37
Q

CRIANZA aging requirements - TINTO

A

Time in Barrel : 12 months
Time in Bottle : no minimum
Time before release : min. 2 calendar years from Oct. 1t of harvest year.

38
Q

GENÉRICO aging requirements - TINTO

A

Time in Barrel : no minimum
Time in Bottle : no minimum
Time before release : no minimum

39
Q

RESERVA aging requirements - TINTO

A

Time in Barrel : 12 months
Time in Bottle : 6 months
Time before release : 36 months

40
Q

GRAN RESERVA aging requirements - TINTO

A

Time in Barrel : 24 months
Time in Bottle : 24 months
Time before release : 60 months

41
Q

GENÉRICO aging requirements - BLANCO/ROSADO

A

Time in Barrel : no minimum
Time in Bottle : no minimum
Time before release : no minimum

42
Q

CRIANZA aging requirements - BLANCO/ROSADO

A

Time in Barrel : 6 months
Time in Bottle : no minimum
Time before release : min. 2 calendar years from Oct. 1st of harvest year.

43
Q

RESERVA aging requirements - BLANCO/ROSADO

A

Time in Barrel : 6 months
Time in Bottle : no minimum
Time before release : 24 months

44
Q

GRAN RESERVA aging requirements - BLANCO/ROSADO

A

Time in Barrel : 6 months
Time in Bottle : no minimum
Time before release : 48 months

45
Q

What is the Rioja Trustseal?

A

Small holographic metallic-looking strip depicting parts of the DOCa logo and the word ‘‘Rioja’’ is embedded in the color-coded label of each bottle.
Discourages counterfeiting.

46
Q

What year was the Viñedo Singulare classification created by the Consejo Regulador?
And where does the mention appear?

A

2017
The mention appears below the vineyard’s name
(Any important aging info is also indicated)

47
Q

What does it take to qualify as a Viñedo Singular? (6)

A
  • Vines must be min 35 yo
  • Grapes must be hand-harvested
  • Yields must be at least 20% lower that those required by Consejo Regulador
  • If grapes are purchase, must have a min. 10 year contract btwn grower and producer
  • Vines must be well-balanced w limited vigor (good balance btwn foliage and fruit)
  • Wines must undergo quality assessments

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