rise of hitler Flashcards
(21 cards)
what were the economic challenges that led to rise of hitler
great depression
Great Depression:
- 6 million unemployed
-suffering among people
- coalition gov unable to decide next move of action as no government had enough support in the reichstag to pass laws
- right wing president paul von hindenburg used his emergency powers however he did not care for democracy and no actions were taken
How did the Germans feel about the way the Great Depression was handled?
Angry and wanted more decisive action
Decline in support for parties with moderate opinions and rise in support for extreme parties like communist party and Nazi Party
Weaknesses of the Weimar Government(economic challenges: Impact of great depression)
article 48
- Hidenburg used his powers under article 48 to appoint a new chancellor, heinrich bruning
- bruning wanted to cut wages of civil servants and government employees and cut spending on welfare
What was the impact of what the Weimar did to the people(great depression)
People felt upset as the government not looking out for them
so harsh that bruning could not get enough support in the reichstag
had to ask hidenburg to use his emergency powers
parties were so divided that they could not come together to form coalitions(politically unstable)
hidenburg continue to rule by decree and he decided who became chancellor and passed new laws
How did the Germans view the Weimar(impact of great depression)
- Did not have their best interests
- Lose faith in their system of ruling - don’t support
- look for politicians who prioritises needs of germans
Rise Of Communism(impact of great depression)
Many germans lost faith in weimar - political parties cared more about their positions than helping people
People turned to german communist party
In 1920s, the KPD had many local part branches and had an effective publicity machine which organised meetings
1929-1932 around 1 million workers looked to KPD
KDP’s representation in the reichstag grew from 10 to 15%
How did the people feel(Impact of great depression, rise of communism)
business, middle class pov
Businessman:
Afraid that state would control businesses and businesses cannot profit
wary about growing strengths of trade unions - workers share more say
middle-class pov:
afraid as communists usually hostile to them
USSR state took away all their land and killed and imprisoned those who resisted
impact on germany
created climate of fear
- many germans skeptical about weimar’s ability to deal withh the threat that communism posed
- lose faith
- turned to nazi who seemed willing and able to take control of situation and face the communists
Appeal of Hitler and Nazi Party(Hitler Factor)
Excellent orator
- prepared and practised his speeches
- able to read the mood of his audience and had incredible energy, making 3-4 speeches a day that were powerful and persuasive
- appeared sincere to his audience, charismatic and able to win over their hearts
Appeal of Hitler and Nazi Party(Hitler Factor)
beer
Beer Hall Speeches
- made speeches at beer halls where people were drunk and easily convinced
- started his speech calmly and logically, then began to rant and rave when the audience got drunk
addressed people’s concerns
- blamed ‘november criminals’, communists and jews for germany’s problems - gave the germans a scape goat to blame their problem on
-reiterated his promises to deliver a strong gov
What was the impact of hitler factor on people?
Content of speeches: showed that he was passionate, wanted to bring Germany to its prime
seemed more decisive than weimar
More germans looked to hitler
voted for him
Appeal of Hitler and Nazi Party(use of propaganda)
Weimar blamed for ineffectiveness due to
a. signing of TOV
b. ineffectiveness of dealing with the great depression
nazi party potrayed as effective om:
a. ending ineffective coalition gov
b. solving problems and creating jobs
c. punish culprits for all the suffering
d. fight threats of communism
Why would the germans support hitler after being exposed to propaganda
Persuaded that he is more effective and weimar needs to be removed
support hitler and vote for him
Appeal of Hitler and Nazi Party(SA and SS)
- Frequent fightings in the streers between the communists gangs and the police
- hitler sent his personal arm forces to break up the fights and meetings
- the sa and ss were organised and disciplined and were successful in quelling the fights
How would the Germans view the sa and ss? How would this lead to rise of hitler
Sa and ss: orderly and effective
- convinced that germans that nazis could restore stability compared to the weimar with spartacist uprising
- more people support and vote for him
Appeal of Hitler and Nazi Party(Nazi Idealogy)
- Hitler against socialist ideas, especially those who involving sexual or racial equality but it was gaining popularity after ww1
- renamed his party by putting national before socialist to express that he was only in favour of equality for those who had german blood
- jews and ‘other aliens’ would lose their citizenship
- national socialist german workers party
lift
Appeal of Hitler and Nazi Party(Winning support for the Nazi Party)
-hitler shared about topics that resonated with the germans
eg great depression
- hitler promoted his anti-communism staance
-many business-owners and industrialists supported his anti-communist and anti-trade union views
voted for him
Appeal of Hitler and Nazi Party(Munich Putsch)
Failure of the munich putsch allowed hitler to conclude that the nazis needed to
- reorganise
- could not seize power by force
so he had to win their support and gain power through elections
- power taken through democratics means
- policies clear and simple so that everyone can understand
control of the nazi party was reestablished
-ss as hitlers bodyguards
-rivals not tolerated
how did the germans view the nazi party after the reorganisation?
more put together than weimar
seems more effective
compared to ineffective weimar
Appeal of Hitler and Nazi Party(Reorganisation of the Nazi Party Nazi Idealogy)
- Nazi policies shared simply and clearly
- abolition of tov
- anschluss -uniting germany and austria
- only ‘true’ germans allowed to live in germany
- nationalisation of large businesses
-increase in old age pensions - establishment of a strong central government
-anti semitism- played a central role in nazism
-superiority of the aryan race
-control of Nazi Party was reestablished- ss established as hitler’s bodyguards and only loyal to hitler, rivals not tolerated
Appeal of Hitler and nazi party(hitler becomes chancellor)
Hitler was willing to wait for the right opportunity to take power gradualy
July 1932 elections
- nazi party won the most number of votes(37% of vote) but still was unable to win majority of vote
hitler should have become the chancellor but he did not take the title by fore
BUT hindenburg distrusted him
-appointeed fellow conservative von Papen instead
-lacked support and called for another election in nov 1932
November 1932 elections
- Nazi Party won the most number of votes(33%)
- nazi saw their vote drop by 2 million
- lost 34 seats in the reichstag
-hitler now had to make a deal with the conservatives because there was a slim chance for him to gain power through elections
-december 1932: hindenburg chose kurt von schleicher to be chancellor but resigned quickly as he lacked support from the reichstag
