Rise of Nazi Germany Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
What is Coalition
A
An agreement or association with other parties in order to gain more political control
2
Q
What is constitution
A
A set of laws that state how a country will be ruled
3
Q
When did World War 1 start and when did it end?
A
It began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918
4
Q
Who assisted Germany during this war?
A
The Central Powers
5
Q
What does prosperity mean?
A
Wealth and success
6
Q
What is a treaty?
A
a Written agreement between states
7
Q
What are territories?
A
Areas controlled by a particular country.
8
Q
What is an emblem?
A
A symbol or sign that represents something else
9
Q
What does anti-communist mean?
A
It’s a person who does not like communism.
10
Q
What is communism?
A
It’s a type of Government system that does not allow private ownership by companies - the state takes control of everything.
11
Q
What does putsch mean?
A
a German word describing the overthrowing of the goverment.
12
Q
What is treason?
A
a Crime that is seen as betraying the government.
13
Q
Who is the chancellor?
A
The head of state or President.
14
Q
What does states of emergency mean?
A
It’s when the government uses the army to control a situation in a country.
15
Q
What does overthrow mean?
A
To cause the downfall of a ruler.
16
Q
What does executed mean?
A
Someone who is Killed as a form of punishment.
17
Q
What is oppress?
A
The rule over people with harsh laws that don’t allow any freedom.
18
Q
What does dictatorial mean?
A
Absolute, with no opposition allowed.
19
Q
What is dictatorship?
A
a form of government in which the ruler rules alone.
20
Q
What does exile mean?
A
a Person who is banned from living in his or her country.
21
Q
What does it mean to be persecuted?
A
To be treated badly for a long time.
22
Q
What does contaminate mean?
A
Make impure or dirty
23
Q
What is impure?
A
Not ‘pure’ - because you were not fully German
24
Q
What are trade unions?
A
Organizations or groups that represent the workers.
25
What does it mean to suppress people?
To prevent people from doing what they want to do.
26
What is corruption?
Using power dishonestly.
27
What does it mean when something is being rigged?
Results were achieved in a corrupt or illegal way.
28
Did agreements signed between different countries after the war solve the economic and political rivalries?
NO
29
What was German leader, Wilhelm II arrested for?
He was arrested for growing protest.
30
What was resulted when Germany held the general election in 1919?
a coalition government with Germany Centre party and German Democratic party.
31
Where did the parliament go to write the constitution?
Weimar.
32
What did the constitution at Weimar lead to?
Formation of German federal republic and was divided into a number of states.
33
When the constitution was written in Weimar, what was the government called?
Weimar Republic.
34
When was the constitution adopted?
11 August 1919
35
What were the 6 positive changes of Gustav Stresemann?
- Germany paid off reparation payments on time.
- Weimar Republic introduced uniform tax which helped improve the economy.
- Transport system was improved.
- Less unrest among German people.
- Developed art and cinema.
- Weimar government continued to lead the world in science and technology.
36
What officially ended World War 1?
The treaty
37
When was the treaty signed?
28 June 1918
38
Who signed the treaty?
Germany and the Allied powers.
39
When was the treaty finalized?
October 1919
40
What were the 7 conditions of the treaty?
- Germany paid a lot of money to Allied Powers.
- 15 million dollars were to be paid by 1 May 1921to make sure Germany remained weak economically.
- Germany gives up Alsace-Lorraine to France.
- France also took over Saarland, rich coal mines.
- Germany gave up Rhineland, used for demilitarization.
- Germany lost some territories, Belgium, Poland Czechoslovakia and Denmark.
- German army not allowed to exceed 100 000 troops.
41
What did economic problems in Germany cause?
Protests and unemployment.
42
When did the Nazi party tried to overthrow the government and failed?
In 1923
43
Who was the leader of the Nazi party?
Adolf Hitler.
44
When and where was Adolf Hitler born?
20 April 1889 in Austria.
45
When did Hitler join the German army?
In 1914.
46
What did Hitler do after the War?
He joined the national socialist worker's party.
47
When did Hitler became the leader of the Nazi party?
In 1920.
48
What was the design of the Nazi emblem?
Black swastika on white circle against red background.
49
What did the anti-communist party want to bring back?
The German pride that was lost after War.
50
Why did the anti-communist party want to bring back the German pride?
They wanted to bring together all the German people from all over Europe.
51
For what did the anti-communist party blame the Jewish people?
For poor economy and politics in Germany.
52
What led to antisemitism?
The Jewish that was blamed for Germany's poor economy and politics.
53
What was the Nazi's beliefs of the treaty of Versailles?
- Poor economy of Germany should improve.
- Weimar sold Germany to Allied Powers
- Punishment of the Treaty of Versailles should be stopped.
- Germany should be rearmed.
- Land and German territories lost to Treaty of Versailles should be brought back to Germany
54
What was the Nazi's belief of the Germans themselves?
- Germans were a super-race, should be united across all of Europe.
- Germany should be united under leadership of strong leader called Fuhrer, means leader in German.
- Jews were taking advantage of poor economic situation in Germany to make them rich. Felt the Jews were taking business and job opportunities.
55
For what was Hitler arrested for?
He was charged with treason.
56
For how long was Hitler imprisoned for?
For 5 years, but only served 9 months.
57
What was Hitler's books name?
Mein Kampf (My struggle)
58
Why did Hitler write his book?
To give Germans hope and to show how Germany can improve.
59
With who did Hitler rebuild the Nazi party?
Joseph Goebbels
60
How many seats did the Nazi party win in the parliament after Hitler rebuild the Nazi Party?
12 out of 412 seats
61
When did the economic slump start in the USA?
In 1929
62
What was the great depression
The economic slump.
63
How did the economic slump affect the whole world?
Economics were affected, unemployment increased and food production decreased.
64
Who was the new Chancellor in 1924
Dr Gustav Stresemann
65
How did Dr Gustav Stresemann improve German economy?
He introduced a new currency.
66
When did the Great depression end the progress of the new currency?
1929
67
How did the great depression affect Germany?
- Unemployment increased, could not control protests, Von Hindenburg introduced state of emergency without consulting parliament.
- American banks withdrew loans and investments from Germany.
- Government cut spending by decreasing salaries and increasing taxes.
- People could not afford rent and moved to shacks.
68
What was the political result of the great depression?
People were not happy how government handled Depression, lost faith and moved to other parties.
69
What were the 6 reasons that the democracy in the Weimar Republic failed?
1. President, Friedrich Ebert, made decisions alone, could declare a state of emergency without consulting parliament, if people were not happy, he sent his army to silence them or arrest leaders.
2. Parties in parliament were against government forced coalitions, leading to criticism and conflict.
3. Protests and attempts to overthrow the government by leaders such as Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg were later executed.
4. Leaders were used to a king who ruled by himself, and did not allow for rights like freedom of expression or association.
5. Disliked the Weimar Republic, signed the Treaty of Versailles, affected the country negatively.
6. Weimar Republic had economic problems.
70
What was the reasons for public support for the Nazi party and the 1932 and 1933 elections?
The great depression in the USA.
71
What was the reason for the Nazi party support?
- The Nazi Party took advantage of economic problems in Germany.
- They Realized how poor and unhappy the Germans were.
- Criticized ruling party and gain followers for Nazi Party.
- Hitler was a good speaker and won support for Nazi Party.
72
When did Germans turn to The Nazi party and started voted for them in elections?
In 1932
73
When the Nazi party became the most popular political party in Germany, how many sets did they won?
230 out of 608 seats.
74
Why did Germany's president Hindenburg refused to appoint Hitler as chancellor?
He was convinced that Hitler was greedy for power and wanted to oppress people.
75
Who did Hindenburg appoint as chancellor instead of Hitler?
Franz von Papen.
76
What happened when Franz von Papen was appointed chancellor?
There was chaos in the Reichstag as there was no clear majority party to lead the government, so Von Papen was forced to call another election in November 1932.
77
How many votes and seats did the Nazi party lost after Von Papen called another election?
They lost 2 million votes and 34 seats, but were still the largest political party.
78
How did Hindenburg try to save the crisis after appointing Franz von Papen?
He fired Von Papen and appointed army general Kurt von Schleicher.
79
How did Von Schleicher do as chancellor?
He was unable to obtain a majority coalition and resigned 57 days later.
80
When was Hitler appointed chancellor?
30 January 1933.
81
What did Hitler do when he got appointed chancellor?
- He used tactics to consolidate his power.
- Hitler suspended all civil liberties, using the threat of terrorism as reasons.
- He used this treat in many speeches, which made Germans vote for the Nazi party.
82
How did the Nazi's got majority vote and allowed Hitler to pass the enabling act on 23 March 1933
Although they were the biggest party, they still did not have an absolute majority (43,91% of the total vote). So, the Nazis joined the German National People's Party in a coalition, which gave them the majority
83
What was the reason for the enabling act of 1933?
Fear of communist agitation.
84
What did the enabling act give Hitler?
His original dictatorial powers.
85
What did the enabling act result in?
The construction of the first concentration camp at Dachau in March 1933, to imprison German communists, socialists, trade unionists and others opposed to the Nazis.
86
What was the Enabling Act?
It was a law, passed in the German Reichstag, which gave Hitler the power to make constitutional changes, conclude treaties and pass laws without consulting the parliament for four years.
87
How did Hitler take advantage of the Enabling Act?
Hitler took over the government and formed a one-party state.
88
What did the enabling act mean for the Nazi Party?
This law meant that the Nazi party were the only legal party and other parties were banned.
89
How did Hitler destroy all opposition political parties?
Through turning Germany into a dictatorship.
90
How did Germany become a dictatorship?
- Hitler Stopped 81 Communist party members from taking their seats in parliament.
- Social Democrats declared illegal, property and was taken over by state.
- Union leaders were taken to jail and workers expected to join one union called German Labour Front.
- Secret police force, was formed to crush the opposition.
91
When did Von Hindenburg die?
In August 1934.
92
What did Hitler do when Von Hindenburg die?
He abolished the presidency and proclaimed himself Führer of the German people (Volk).
93
What position did Hitler also held after proclaiming Fuhrer?
Reich chancellor
94
What changed in the beginning of the third Reich (empire)?
- Nazi regime abolished the symbols of Weimar Republic and adopted the swastika flag of Nazi party, which became the sole National German flag in 1935.
- Germany was now a complete dictatorship, culture, economy, education and law under the Nazi's control.
95
What were Hitler concentrated on once he gained power?
Creating a pure German race that was not mixed with any other race.
96
Why did Hitler believe in creating pure German race?
He believed race would produce better economy and protect interests of German people.
97
What did Hitler do to the Jewish after gaining power?
He removed Jewish people from university and teaching posts, and sent many Jews into exile.
98
When did Hitler pass the Nuremberg laws?
In 1935.
99
What did the Nuremberg laws lead to?
It led to the Jews losing their basic rights.
100
What were the 5 rules of the Nuremberg law?
1. Marriages between Germans and Jews were not allowed.
2. Jews had to wear badges that showed they were Jewish.
3. Jews had no freedom of speech.
4. Jews were not allowed to use public transport or go to same beaches, restaurants, cinemas or schools as German people.
5. Jews were not allowed to vote or become judges or writers.
101
Who did the Nazi's persecute?
Anyone that the Nazi's believed would contaminate master race (Jews, all political opponents, Jehovah's witnesses, Catholics, Roma, homosexuals, Slavs, black people and disabled people)
102
Why did the Nazi's killed Jehovah's witnesses?
Because they supported God and not Hitler.
103
Why did the Nazi's killed the Catholic center party and the National party members?
These members did not agree with Hitler.
104
Why did Hitler attack Slavic nations, such as Poland?
He wanted to increase space and land for Germany and took the Slavic nations land.
105
What did Hitler do to black people?
He sterilized them to stop producing an impure race.
106
How did Hitler kill the mentally and physically disabled?
They were killed in large numbers programmed called the the T$ Euthanasia program.
107
Where were the homosexuals and gypsies killed?
Homosexuals and gypsies were mostly killed in concentration camps.
108
How was Nazi Germany identified as a fascist state?
No opposition was allowed and the leader of the government expected obedience from the citizens.
109
What was the leader of the government in the fascist state called?
The leader of the government wouldn't allow citizens to question him or her and was called the dictator.
110
What is democracy?
Democracy is a system in the government where there is freedom for everyone.
