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Rise Of Rome Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

By approximately what date had Rome conquered all of Italy

A

270BC

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2
Q

Why was Carthage an obstacle to early Rome expansion

A

They were wealthy

Had powerful navy that controlled trade

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3
Q

Why were the Romans able to overcome Macedonia and the Greek city states?

A

Philip of Macedonio did not have a navy.

Philip also retreated because roman army was very powerful + had very efficient tactics

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4
Q

When did the Punic Wars take place, and what was the overall result?

A

264-146.

By the end romans had control over the Mediterranean and more, Carthage was also thoroughly destroyed

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5
Q

How did the organisation of the Roman Army make it a more effective fighting force?

A

It was very strict Romans had rules they wouldn’t dare to disobey
Brutal, intimidated opponents
Subdivided, very well organised
Roman soldiers were full time soldiers, only job they had all year round

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6
Q

What was the ‘gladius’?

A

=sword primary weapon
Iron or bronze made for stabbing
Short blade
45cm

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7
Q

What was the ‘pilum’

A

=javelin secondary weapon
Made out of two parts so that when it was used the enemy couldn’t use it
Bends + breaks on impact
Thrown at a distance of 100ft

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8
Q

What siege weapons/artillery did the Romans use?

A

Ballista, siege tower, battering ram, catapult, scorpion

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9
Q

Ballista

A

Bigger scorpion

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10
Q

Scorpion

A

Threw iron bolts to destroy enemy formation

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11
Q

Battering ram

A

Braking down enemy walls

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12
Q

Catapult

A

Brake down enemy structures

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13
Q

Describe a Roman legionary compared to a Greek hoplite

A

RL= modern,effective weapons+armour
VARIED tactics involving infantry, auxiliary, cavalry
Raman is a professional soldier
GH= phalanx= slow moving, tight formation, weak against cavalry, easily outflanked
Normal citizen

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14
Q

Lorica segmentata

A

Curved plates of iron or steel to protect chest and soldiers
Allowed more mobility while still preventing the chest+soldiers very well
Lighter than chain
Strong + high protection
Manuverable

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15
Q

Galea

A

Helmet hammered from sheet bronze or iron to protect he’d and face.
High visibility

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16
Q

Scutum

A

Rectangular, curved shield made of 3-4 thin layers of wood glued at straight angles to each other.
Light, large, very protective

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17
Q

Cingulum

A

Protects groin area

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18
Q

Chain mail

A

Used in earlier and very late Roman armies
Heavy
Weaker than plate armour

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19
Q

Roman military camps

A

Outer defence was like a wall
Built near rivers
They had hospitals, shops, Roman baths so they were kept clean and HEALTHY
Well organised into blocks

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20
Q

Formations/tactics

A

Testudo
Wedge
Triple line

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21
Q

Testudo

A

Used to approach fortifications
Really slow
Shield wall

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22
Q

Triple line

A

Bigger gaps, have more space to move around

Faster because it is less rigid

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23
Q

The wedge

A

Triangle formation
Crack open enemy lines
Slow
More effective to attack

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24
Q

When did Rome conquer Spain?

A

19BC

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25
When did Rome conquer France?
58BC
26
When did Rome conquer Britain?
43AD
27
What engineering projects greatly helped the effectiveness of the Roman Army?
Roads + aqueducts
28
Roman roads
Followed a strait trail. Durable and flat. They dug ditches on both side to allow drainage.
29
At approximately what date did the Roman Empire reach its greatest territorial size?
117AD
30
Why did the Romans conquer so many territories
For the to be very difficult to be invaded Control trade + Mediterranean and become wealthier They believed that by conquering they brought peace
31
Why did the Romans atack other peoples
To intimidate them and make them weaker and easier to invade
32
Who was Scipio Africanus?
Roman general that defeated Hannibal | 230-283BC
33
Who was Julius Cesar?
Roman consul + general + historian | 100-44BC
34
When was Carthage invaded
146 BC
35
When was Macedonia invaded
148BC
36
Why did the Greeks lose against the Romans
Weekend due to civil war Separated into different city states More traditional methods in warfare Didn’t have a navy
37
Cavalry
Outflanking and destroying infantry | Used animals
38
Iegionary
Heavy infantry
39
Auxiliary
Light infantry
40
Onager
Attacking buildings | Early catapult
41
Why did the romans expand so aggressively in creating a great empire
Economic benefit, lust for power, a civilising mission, insecurity + protection
42
Why did the romans expand so aggressively in creating a great empire Economic benefit
Slavery, control of limited resources, control of Mediterranean, Punic wars
43
Why did the romans expand so aggressively in creating a great empire Civilising mission
United Europe, their duty to civilise, era of peace ‘Pax Romana’, advanced culture, spread classical civilisation
44
Why did the romans expand so aggressively in creating a great empire Lust for power
Legacy of complete victory in Punic wars, fearsome reputation as conquerors, ambition of individuals like Scipio, Caesar
45
Why did the romans expand so aggressively in creating a great empire Insecurity and protection
Destroy powerful neighbours for protection, jealousy st power of other civilisations- Greece + Alexander/Carthage + Hannibal, early inferiority to greeks, early wars in Italy agains Etruscans
46
Positive aspects of roman kings
Welcomed anyone who wanted to move to Rome, founded colleges for priests ‘flamines’, set up temples, built city walls
47
Negative aspects of roman kings
Sometimes not elected farely, abducted young women ‘rape of the Sabines’
48
What makes a good king in ancient times
Generosity, good at battle, shouldn’t be cruel, corrupt or tyrannical, fair + just, caters for needs of people, increase power/size/influence of Rome, be from a good noble wealthy family, ambition for his people and kingdom.
49
Why should Rome be a monarchy | 6
Roman kings did a lot of good - rapid expansion of Rome 8th to 6th centuries BC, served as religious leaders - important for Roman religion, kings were form the most noble families; respected + trusted, supposed to be kind and compassionate e.g pompilius, bad kings were an exception not a rule, kings founded Rome
50
Why should Rome be a republic | 4
Many kings were murderous tyrants - Tarquinius, often out of touch with people - immense wealth - don’t respect the poor, kings were dangerous + corrupt because they are above law, more representative of people than monarchy
51
Republic
Country without monarch
52
When was the roman republic set up
509 BC
53
Why was the roman republic set up
Romans were fed up of the harsh rule of king Tarquinius
54
Consul
Most important job in government (2 people to replace king, elected every year to not become over powered, not only one person is powerful enough)
55
Who voted for the consuls
Citizens of Rome
56
Who weren’t citizens
Women, foreigners, slaves
57
Who were citizens
Consuls, senators, patricians, plebeians
58
Senate
300 wealthy, wise men. Advices consuls, council of experienced politicians.
59
‘Senex’
An old man | Where the senate got its name from
60
Was every vote for a consul worth the same
No
61
Who wasn’t allowed to vote
Non citizens + children
62
What does S.P.Q.R stand for
Senates populus que romanus aka senate and people of Rome
63
Social structure of roman republic
Consuls, senators, patricians, plebeians, foreigners, women, slaves
64
Patricians
Wealthier citizens, nobles,own properties + businesses
65
Foreigners
Not born in Rome
66
Women
Could be wealth but didn’t have power or influence
67
Slaves
Worked for wealthier people and didn’t have freedom
68
Plebeians
Common people e.g peasants, farmers, craftsmen
69
Problems that’s were facing the senate in regards to the power of the army
Soldiers were loyal to generals, generals were very powerful + had political control, poor people in the army fight senate
70
Problems that’s were facing the senate in regards to the resentment of the poor
Poor hated rich, social inequality, poverty - not many jobs, rich profit from poor - rich owned most property

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