Rise of the Nazis (1924-39)

Question 1

What was the Kapp Putsch?

Answer 1

Kapp Putsch (March ‘20) was response to ordered disbandment 2 Freikorps groups. Anti-Weimar Kapp (Fatherland Party) and General Von Luttwitz led coup. It was ended by Ebert’s worker strike.

Question 2

Who did right wing anti-Weimar radicals assassinate?

Answer 2

Erzberger ‘21 (Repre for Repar) and Rathenau ‘22 (Foreign Minister)

Question 3

What caused the Munich Beer Hall Putsch, when did it happen, who led it and the consequences?

Answer 3

‘23 Hyperinflation and end of passive resistance in Ruhr infuriated Hitler. November 1923. 16 Nazis killed. Hitler arrested for treason. Sentenced to just 5 yrs.

Question 4

What did Hitler do in prison?

Answer 4

In a 1 year sentence he wrote his extremist racist manifesto called Mein Kampf (My Struggle), shaping the Nazi ideology, and blaming other social groups for Germany’s failure - jews, communists etc.

Question 5

When was Hitler released from prison?

Answer 5

HItler was released early - December 1924

Question 6

What role was Goebbels appointed?

Answer 6

Goebbels became Gauleiter of Berlin

Question 7

When was Goebbels appointed Gauleiter of Berlin?

Answer 7

1926

Question 8

How much did Nazi membership increase from 1925-7?

Answer 8

From 27,000 to 72,000

Question 9

What was the difference in votes for Nazis between 1924 and 1928?

Answer 9

32 seats + 6.5% in 1924, 12 seats + 2.6% in 1928

Question 10

Why was the September 1930 election so important for the Nazis?

Answer 10

The nazis increased their vote from 2.6% to 18.3% with 107 seats in the Reichstag.

Question 11

What schemes did Hitler use to domesticate the Nazi’s public image.

Answer 11

Hitler Youth in 1926 and National Socialist Teachers Association in 1929.

Question 12

Why was the June 1932 election so important for the Nazis?

Answer 12

The nazis got 230 seats, becoming the majority over the KPD. They did lose some seats in the November 1932 elections.

Question 13

What did Schleicher learn about Papen?

Answer 13

Von Papen threatened to dissolve Reichstag and become more military, forceful and authoritarian.

Question 14

When did Hitler become chancellor?

Answer 14

30 January 1933

Question 15

What was Goring’s role in this early chancellorship of Hitler?

Answer 15

Control of police - finding who they plan to target, terrorise and vicitimise

Question 16

What was one of Hitler’s core principles?

Answer 16

Antisemitism. He expanded on this in Mein Kampf.

Question 17

What did Hitler argue Jews were doing, in Mein Kampf?

Answer 17

Planning to undermine and destroy German values and invented communism to win support of masses.

Question 18

Who did Hitler blame in Mein Kampf for their WWI defeat in 1918?

Answer 18

The Jews.

Question 19

What were Hitler’s two key objectives in 1933?

Answer 19

Securing power and economic recovery. He hid his antisemitism to protect his image.

Question 20

What happened on 1 April 1933?

Answer 20

A day-long nationwide boycott of Jewish businesses.

Question 21

When was the nationwide boycott of Jewish businesses?

Answer 21

1 April 1933

Question 22

How successful was the 1 April boycott in 1933?

Answer 22

Wasn’t unanimous. Some people were violent, others ignored the pickets. It did not win overall support.

Question 23

When did the Anti-Semitic laws come into place?

Answer 23

7 April 1933 = Jews not allowed legal/civil service jobs. 22 April 1933 = Jewish doctors banned from working in the state health system, limited to 5% of school populations Jewish.

Question 24

What did Goebbels do in May 1933?

Answer 24

Book burnings of Jewish work/any opposition.

Question 25

What did the 7 April Anti-Semitic law do?

Answer 25

Banished Jews from legal/civil service work.

Question 26

What did the 22 April Anti-Semitic law do?

Answer 26

Banned Jews from working in the state health system.

Question 27

What did the 25 April Anti-Semitic law do?

Answer 27

Jewish students at school/university limited to 5%.

Question 28

How did the Hindenburg clause slightly protect Jews from the Anti-Semitic laws of 1933?

Answer 28

Meant that 70% of Jewish doctors and 75% of Jewish lawyers kept their jobs for a little longer.

Question 29

What marked a key turning point for the Nazis' policy towards the Jews?

Answer 29

The Nuremberg Laws of 1935

Question 30

What did the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 do?

Answer 30

Jews officially became second-class citizens. Jews denied German citizenship. German-Jewish marriages banned. Jews prohibited from employing German female servants under 45.

Question 31

What was a 'Jew' classified as?

Answer 31

Someone with 3 or more Jewish grandparents.

Question 32

What was a 'Mischlinge' classified as?

Answer 32

Someone with 1 or 2 Jewish grandparents.

Question 33

What would men need to prove to get into the SS?

Answer 33

Aryan ancestry back to 1650?

Question 34

When were the last Jewish civil servants dismissed? What did this mean for working Jews.

Answer 34

1935. Jews could no longer be employed in any state service.

Question 35

What event caused Goring to intensify the Anti-Semitic legislation?

Answer 35

The Berlin 1936 Olympics.

Question 36

What did Goring do in the aftermath of the 1936 Berlin Olympics?

Answer 36

Bought up Jewish firms and confiscated Jewish assets.

Question 37

Despite the mass confiscation of Jewish assets, how many Jewish businesses were left by April 1938?

Answer 37

40,000

Question 38

When was the Anschluss?

Answer 38

12 March 1938

Question 39

What did Goring do after the Anschluss?

Answer 39

Issued the Decree for the Registration of Jewish Property in April 1938

Question 40

What did the Decree for the Registration of Jewish Property do?

Answer 40

All Jewish property worth > RM 5,000 has to be registered and could not be sold/leased w/o government permission.

Question 41

What happened in June 1938?

Answer 41

Jewish doctors prohibited from treating German patients - later included lawyers, vets and dentists.

Question 42

What event sparked violence against Jews in November 1938?

Answer 42

The murder of a German embassy official in Paris by a Jewish youth.

Question 43

What was 9-10 November 1938?

Answer 43

Kristallnacht

Question 44

What was the destruction caused by Kristallnacht?

Answer 44

8,000 Jewish businesses, synagogues and homes destroyed, about 100 Jews killed, 20,000 arrested

Question 45

What happened on 12 November 1938?

Answer 45

Goring called a conference to co-ordinate Nazi policy against Jews. Called for a RM 1 Billion fine to be paid by Jews for Kristallnacht. Later, Jews were banned from economic activity.

Question 46

What was proposed by SS Deputy Heydrich at the 12 November 1938 conference?

Answer 46

To force Jews to wear identity badge which came into force in 1941.

Question 47

How many Jews were incorporated into the Reich in 1938?

Answer 47

200,000

Question 48

What did Eichmann set up in Vienna in August '38?

Answer 48

The Central Office for Jewish Emigration

Question 49

What happened to Jewish property in late 1938?

Answer 49

It was seized/used to pay for emigration.

Question 50

In 1939, what was set up by the SS?

Answer 50

A Reich Association for organising Jewish emigration.

Question 51

Who was in charge of Nazi Jewish Policy by 1939?

Answer 51

The SS.

Question 52

When was the Bamberg conference at what happened?

Answer 52

Feb 1926. Strasser attempted to make party more socialist. Hitler thwarts this attempt. Brandished Mein Kampf.