Rising Tensions 1979-84

Question 1

When was Martial Law decleared in Poland?

Answer 1

1981

Question 2

When was the death of Brezhnev

Answer 2

1982

Question 3

Why were the soviets interested in Afghanistan?

Answer 3

They were seen as an important neighbour

Afghanistan formed an important buffer zone between the USSR and Iran

Question 4

What did a revolution in Iran do?

Answer 4

Replaced the Shah with a Muslim fundelmentolist group

Question 5

When was the revolution in Iran?

Answer 5

1979

Question 6

Why was it important that there was a buffer between the USSR and Iran?

Answer 6

So that Iran’s muslim idiology wouldn’t spread into the Soviet Unions boarders as they had a large Muslim population

Question 7

What is the Shah?

Answer 7

The king or emporor in Iran. There had always been a Shah untill the 1979 revolution

Question 8

When did a pro Soviet government take controll in afghanistan?

What did it recieve?

Answer 8

April 1978

It recived economic aid from Moscow

Question 9

What happened to the pro-soviet government?

Answer 9

It was toppled in September 1979 by a popular coup

Question 10

Who staged the coup that brought down the pro-soviet government?

Answer 10

Hafizullah Amin

Question 11

Did Moscow support Amin?

Answer 11

At first they did but as he became more unpopular more pro-Muslim factors tryed to overthrow him and the Soviet Union got worried by this.

Question 12

What was the last straw that made Brezhnev invade Afghanistan?

Answer 12

He hurd rumers that Amin was talking to the USA about possible American support

Question 13

When did the USSR invade Afghanistan?

Answer 13

24th December 1979

Question 14

What did the invading army claim?

Answer 14

They had been invited by Amin to support him against terrerists

Question 15

What happened to Amin?

Answer 15

On 27th December he was assasonated (almost certianly by USSR commandos)

Question 16

Who replaced Amin?

Answer 16

A pro-Soviet. Babrak Kamal

Question 17

When did the Afghanistan war end?

How long did it last?

Answer 17

1989

10 years

Question 18

Why did the Soviet Union stay in Afghanistan?

Answer 18

To fight the mujahideen who opposed Babrak Kamal

Question 19

What did the USA see the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan as?

Answer 19

An attempt to spread communsim abroad

Question 20

How did Carter react to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

Answer 20

Carter called it the bigget threat to world peace since WW2.
He increased soending on arms
He withdrew the SALT 2 agreement from the senate
Anounced the Carter Doctrine
He started sending suplies to the mujahideen
He imposed economic sanctions on the USSR

Question 21

What did the Carter doctrine say?

Answer 21

The US would use force if necesary to protect US interest in the persian gulf

Question 22

When was the Carter doctrine announced?

Answer 22

At the state of the union adress in 1980

Question 23

What did the USA do to oppose Kamal?

Answer 23

They supplied weapons and billion of dollers to the mujahideen

Question 24

How many USSR troops were killed?

Answer 24

15,000

Question 25

How much did the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan cost them?

Answer 25

$8 billion a year

Question 26

How many civilian casualties were there?

Answer 26

Very high. Some estimate 1.5 million deaths

Question 27

What was Reagan's election campain based on?

Answer 27

He riducled Carter as a weak president and wanted to lead america to get it's place as a world superpower again

Question 28

When did Reagan become president?

Answer 28

January 1981

Question 29

When did Jimmy carter become president?

Answer 29

January 20th 1977

Question 30

What were the consequences of the invasion of Afghanistan?

Answer 30

``` It worsened US-Sino relations End of détente Start of the second cold war 10 year war in Afghanistan SALT 2 abandoned Carter Doctrine Olympic boycotts ```

Question 31

What was the dirst olympics to be boycotted?

Answer 31

1980 Moscow

Question 32

What was the second olympics to be boycotted?

Answer 32

1984 LA olympics

Question 33

How many nations supported the US boycott

Answer 33

60 nations

Question 34

Why was the US boycott significant?

Answer 34

Olympics are global events which the USSR wanted to show of communism It made the Moscow games look second rate The Boycott reflected the influence that the USA had

Question 35

What was British action on the US boycott?

Answer 35

They didn't prevent athletes from going but they encouraged them not to take part

Question 36

What was USA action on the US boycott?

Answer 36

American athlets were told that their passports would be taken away if they tried to go

Question 37

What were the effects of the olympic boycotts?

Answer 37

Worsened superpower relations

Question 38

What happened 4 years after the US boycott of the Moscow olympics?

Answer 38

The USSR boycotted the LA olympics

Question 39

How many countrys joined the USSR's boycott of the LA olympics?

Answer 39

15 other communist countries

Question 40

What approach did Reagan use?

Answer 40

A tougher approach

Question 41

How did we see Reagan's approach?

Answer 41

Evil empire speach Reagan doctrine Increase in military spending He gave support to insurgent grouos in central america

Question 42

Give examples of how Reagan helped insurgence groups in central america?

Answer 42

El Salvador Nicaragua Grenada

Question 43

What was the Reagan Doctrine?

Answer 43

The US support anti communist governments or anti communist GROUPS to overthrow an communist government

Question 44

Facts about increase spending in the 1980's?

Answer 44

In 1982 13% more was spent | In 1983 8% more was spent

Question 45

What happened as a result of increased military spending under Reagan?

Answer 45

New weapons such as the Trident Submarines and Stealth bombers were developed

Question 46

What did Reagan kniw about the Soviet Union in the 1980's? Why?

Answer 46

It was struggling Developing new weapons The war in Afghanistan costed a fortune

Question 47

How did Reagan captalis on the USSR's weak economy?

Answer 47

Announcing SDI

Question 48

When was SDI announced? What was it also known as?

Answer 48

1983 Star Wars

Question 49

What did SDI stand for?

Answer 49

Strategic Defense Initiative

Question 50

What was SDI?

Answer 50

A series of satalites which would be placed in orbit which could carry lasers that could shoot down missiles that threatened the USA

Question 51

What was the downsides of SDI?

Answer 51

It was completely against the 1967 Outer Space Treaty It was years away from being ready

Question 52

What were the advantages of SDI?

Answer 52

It took the Soviet Union by shock. There new missiles (which they had devoted a lot of money to) would be made redundant The USSR would have to spend a lot of money to catch up to the USA's technology It was a significant turning point in the arms race