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ANCC AGACNP Risk Assessment > Risk Assessment > Flashcards

Risk Assessment Flashcards

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1
Q

What is PRIMARY prevention (P’s)

A

“PROMOTE” health PRIOR to onset of any recognizable PROBLEMS

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2
Q

Example of PRIMARY prevention (3)

A
  1. Education about healthy and safe habits (wear seatbelt, avoid smoking, healthy diet)
  2. Immunization
  3. Legislation to ban/control hazardous products
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3
Q

What is SECONDARY prevention (SS)

A

“Screening” - aims to reduce the impact of a disease that has already occurred

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4
Q

Examples of SECONDARY prevention

A

Exams to detect disease early (PAP, PSA, Lipids)

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5
Q

What is TERTIARY prevention

A

“REHAB” - aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects

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6
Q

Examples of TERTIARY prevention (3)

A
  1. Cardiac/Stroke REHAB
  2. Support groups
  3. Vocacional rehab
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7
Q

When does a complete physical exam need to start for ADOLESCENTS (11-19)

A

between 11-14

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8
Q

How often does a complete physical exam need to happen for ADOLESCENTS (11-19)

A

3 times between:
11-14
15-17
18-21

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9
Q

HPV vaccines for females:

What are the 3:

A

Gardasil
Gardasil 9
Cervarix

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10
Q

HPV vaccines for females:

At what age

A

Gardasil - 11-26
Gardasil 9 - 9-26
Cervarix 10-25

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11
Q

When should a syphilis screening be done?

A

Start when sexually active

Then as needed or with PAP

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12
Q

When should males start testicular self exams? How often?

A

At adolescence - MONTHLY

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13
Q

When should screening for HIV?

A

Depends on level of sexual activity or IV drug use.

Assess knowledge of prevention.

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14
Q

When to start Tetanus-diptheria (Td)

A

As early as 7 years old

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15
Q

How often to do Tdap

A

Every 10 years

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16
Q

When does Meningococcal vaccines start

A

11-18 years old

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17
Q

Does Meningococcal need revaccinated?

A

Controversial:

only x 1 if HIGH risk after 5 years from last

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18
Q

When should the influenza vaccine be given

A

annually

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19
Q

Who needs the pneumococcal vaccine (4 populations)

A

> 65
19-64 IF smoker, asthma, COPD, diabetes, alcoholism
Immunosuppressed
Living in nursing home

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20
Q

When PPD screening should start? (ADOLESCENTS)

A

Once during adolescence

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21
Q

How often should PPD screening occur in ADOLESCENTS? (2)

A

Every 2 years if at risk.

With any exposure to TB.

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22
Q

How often should YOUNG ADULTS (20-39) and MIDDLE AGED ADULTS (40-59) have a complete physical exam?

A

Starting at 20 - every 5-6 years.

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23
Q

YOUNG ADULT - female: When should PAP smears start?

A

21

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24
Q

YOUNG ADULTS - female: When does clinical breast exam start?

A

Adolescence/NOW

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25
YOUNG ADULTS (20-39) - female: How often for clinical breast exam?
Every 3 years
26
YOUNG ADULTS - female: | When should self-breast exams start?
21
27
YOUNG ADULTS and MIDDLE-AGED female: (up to 65) | What is tested with PAP smear (3) and how often?
Chlamydia and GC at 21 Cytology - every 3 years HPV >30- every 5 years
28
How often should YOUNG ADULTS and MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS (40-59) blood pressure be monitored? (2)
With every visit OR | Every 2 years.
29
How often should YOUNG ADULTS and MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS - full fasting panel be checked?
Every 5 years | More often if > 200
30
When should ALL adults do a self skin exam?
NOW - and continue regularly.
31
How often should PPD screening occur in YOUNG ADULTS? (2)
Annual for high risk populations (Controversial)
32
How often should all ages have dental cleaning and checkup
Every 6 months to a year
33
Does the ACOG (american college of obstetrics and gyn) recommend a self-breast exam?
not >40
34
How often does the MIDDLE-AGED (40-59) women need clinical breast exam
Annually
35
How often does the MIDDLE-AGED (40-59) women need mammography per ACS - American Cancer Society USPSTF - US preventative Services Task force ACOG - American College of obstetrics and gyn
ACS 45-54 annually >55 - every 2 years USPSTF 50-74 - every 2 years ACOG 50-74 - annually
36
When should MIDDLE-AGED ADULT MALES (40-59) begin Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)?
at 40
37
When should MIDDLE-AGED ADULT MALES (40-59) begin Prostate Surface Antigen (PSA) screening?
at 40 IF family history or AA otherwise - 50
38
How often are Digital Rectal Exams recommended?
Annually at 40 years old
39
How often are Prostate surface antigen screenings recommended?
Annually at 40 IF family history or AA Annually at 50 for all others
40
When should an ECG be checked?
As indicated At 40 with cardiac risk factors
41
Colorectal Cancer screening When? 3 tests?
Starts at 50 Annual fecal occult blood test Flex sig every 5 years Colonoscopy every 10 years
42
What is the second leading cause of cancer deaths?
Colorectal cancer
43
When does glaucoma screening start? (with tonography)
at 40
44
How often for glaucoma screening?
annually
45
How often should ELDERLY ADULTS (>60) have complete physical assessment?
Every 2 years
46
When should PAP Smears be discontinued? under what conditions? (2)
>65-70 with 3 consecutive normal cytology tests AND no abnormal test in 10 years
47
What is the ACS's recommendation for discontinuation of mammography?
Continue as long as the women is in good health and expected to live 10+ years
48
How often should full fasting panel be checked in ELDERLY?
Every 2-5 years | More often in > 200
49
How often should ECG be check in ELDERLY ADULTS (>60) ?
Every 2 years with cardiac risk factors
50
Major causes of mortality with ADOLESCENTS (12-19) | 6
1. MVC 2. Suicide 3. Other accidents 4. Homicide 5. Malignancy 6. Cardiovascular disease
51
Major causes of mortality with YOUNG ADULTS (20-39) | 6
1. MVC 2. Homicide 3. Suicide 4. Injuries 5. Heart disease 6. AIDS
52
Major causes of mortality with MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS (40-59) | 6
1. Heart disease 2. Accidents 3. Lung CA 4. CVA 5. Breast and colorectal CA 6. COPD
53
Major causes of mortality with ELDERLY ADULTS (>60) | 5
1. Heart disease 2. CVA 3. COPD 4. Pneumonia and/or influenza 5. Lung and colorectal cancer
54
What is the top 5 "killers" of adults in the US.
1. Heart disease - CAD, HF 2. Colorectal cancer 3. Lower Respiratory Disease 4. CVA 5.
55
What CANCER in WOMEN is responsible for the highest mortality?
Lung
56
What is the leading GYN-associated cancer "killer"?
Ovarian
57
Highest cancer incidence in WOMEN other than skin cancer?
Breast
58
What CANCER in MEN is responsible for the highest mortality?
Lung
59
Other than skin cancer, the 2nd most common CANCER in MEN and #2 cancer "killer"
Prostate
60
Leading CANCER "killer"?
Lung Cancer
61
2nd leading CANCER "killer"?
Colorectal Cancer
62
Healthy Nutrition. | How much of your plate should be fruits and veggies?
HALF
63
Healthy Nutrition. | Best type of milk?
Skim or 1%
64
Healthy Nutrition. | How much of grains should be whole grain?
at least HALF
65
Health Nutrition. | Should you vary your protein choices?
Yes
66
Dietary Recommendations. | % of Carbs
55-60%
67
Dietary Recommendations. | % of Fats
< 30%
68
Dietary Recommendations. | Protein
0.8-1 g/kg
69
Dietary Recommendations. | Protein
0.8-1 g/kg/day
70
Leading killer of women in US
Heart disease
71
What is the shingles (Herpes zoster) prevention
Zostivax
72
When is shingles (herpes zoster) prevention should start?
at 50
73
What happens to nutrition and protein needs with illness or trauma?
INCREASE
74
Exercise has positive effects?
1. Decreases LDL 2. Increase BMR 3. Reduces STRESS 4. Improves CV fitness 5. Decreases signs of aging
75
Sensitivity
TRUE POSITIVE The degree to which those who have a disease - screen positive positive showing positive
76
Specificity
TRUE NEGATIVE The degree to which those who do not have a disease screen - test negative negatives showing negative
77
Incidence
The FREQUENCY with which a disease The RATE in which NEW cases occur during a specific time period EX: 20 cases of botulism per 500,000 people were reported in ALASKA during 2010
78
Prevalance
The PROPORTION of a population that is affected by a disease or disorder at a particular time EX: the prevalence of lupus in women living in Illinois during 2019 was < 1%
79
Leading killer of AA in US < 40
AIDS
80
Leading killer of AA MEN in US < 35
Homicide
81
American Heart Association recommends that exercise should be performed for HOW long and HOW often?
30 minutes or more on most days of the week
82
Starting an exercise program over 35. What should be done prior to starting? (3)
1. Complete history 2. Physical Exam 3. Exercise stress test
83
What is an antigen?
Induces a specific immune response
84
What is an antibody?
Molecules synthesized reaction to an antigen
85
What is active immunity
Conferred by antibody formation stimulated with a specific antigen Tetanus toxoid
86
What is passive immunity?
Conferred by the introduction of antibody proteins gamma globulin injections -HBIg - given for known exposure maternal immunity
87
Who should receive Hep A vaccine? (3)
Military personnel Travelers to endemic areas Men who have sex with men
88
Who should receive Hep B vaccine? (3)
Health care workers High risk patients Sexually active adults
89
Mumps vaccine clarification
Before 1957 - 1 dose After 1957 - 2 doses

ANCC AGACNP Risk Assessment (1 decks)

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