Risk/contributing factors Flashcards by Drew Cooper

Kidney disorders (in general)

Age
BPH
DM
HTN
Immobilization
Parkinson’s
Pregnancy
Radiation
Sickle cell disease
Spinal injury

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AKI

Pre renal: hypovolemia, reduced CO, vasodilation

Intra renal: ischemia, nephrotoxins, infection

Post renal: UT obstruction

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CKD

DM and HTN top 2
Glomerulonephritis, infection, obstruction, hereditary, vascular disorders, meds and toxic agents

Also: older

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Arrhythmia

Heart disease, electrolyte imbalances, structural issues, infection, meds

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Sinus brady

Vagal, BB, CCB, high ICP, CAD, HF, conditioning (athletes)

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Sinus tachycardia

Stress, exercise
Meds
Low or high BP
DM
Thyroid

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A fib

HTN, DM
Heart disease
MI
Obesity
Age

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Atherosclerosis

Smoke, HTN, HLD
Leads to inflammation with macrophages

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CAD

Modifiable: smoke, HTN, DM, obesity, physical activity, CKD

Non modifiable: family hx, age, gender, race, primary HLD

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Mitral regurgitation

Rheumatic fever

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Heart infection

Surgery, catheters
IV druggies
Rheumatic fever from strep throat

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Lower UTI

Urethrovesical reflux
Infrequent emptying
Bacteria
Older
Female (short urethra, menopause, pregnancy)

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CAUTI

Improper insertion
Infrequent emptying
Bacteria from BM
Irregular cleaning
Backup
Remove ASAP

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Pyelonephritis

Structural
BPH
Reflux
Bad immune system
Pregnant
DM

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Urolithiasis

High calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid
Stasis

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Bladder cancer

Smoking
Age

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Urinary diversion

Cancer, defect, trauma, stricture, neurogenic, chronic infection, incontinence

BPH

Over 40 yo
Smoking, alcohol, obesity, sedentary, HTN, heart disease

Prostate cancer

Older
Family hx
African American
High fat and red meat

Older, male, Af Am or Hispanic
Smoke, obese, cocaine, ETOH, bad diet, sedentary

HF secondary to…

DM
CAD
HTN
CM
Valve problems

HFrEF

CAD
Volume overload: DCM, valve regurgitation
Increase after load: stenosis
Arrhythmia

HFpEF

HCM
RCM
Myocardial fibrosis (perhaps from MI)
Pericardial constriction (pericarditis)

Cardiogenic shock

MI, HF, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, CM, arrhythmias

Thromboembolism

Decreased mobility and circulation in patients with cardiac problems Afib Virchow triad: endothelial damage, venous stasis, and altered coagulation

Atherosclerosis and PAD

Age and family hx Smoke DM HTN HLD Diet Stress Sedentary CRP Hyperhomocysteinemia

Aneurysm

HTN, older, smoke, male

Raynaud’s

Young gals Cold and stress

HF comorbidities

Obese, CAD, DM, HLD, afib

DM 1

Early onset Familial, genetic Immunologic and environmental

DM 2

Obese Over 30 HTN Cholesterol History of gestational DM

Gestational DM

Obese Previous GD Family hx Minorities

HHS

DM 1 and 2 Elderly Stress Infection HD and thiazides

SIADH

Lung disorders Cancer cells CNS injury

Hypothyroidism

Older women Autoimmune (Hashimoto) Atrophy of thyroid with aging Diseases Low iodine Meds like lithium 131 I, thyroidectomy Radiation to head and neck for cancer treatment

Hyperthyroidism

Graves Women

Thyroid cancer

Gals less than 50 yo Smoke, stress, sedentary, bad diet

Hyperparathyroidism

Older gals

Hypoparathyroidism

Abnormal development Destruction Low vitamin D

Cushing

Steroid therapy or over activity of gland

HCM

Youngsters