Risk Management

Question 1

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) uses redundant systems, each of which uses highly reliable components. System A has a probability of failure of 0.05, the redundant system B has a probability of failure of 0.03, and a common component in both systems has a probability of failure of 0.015.

What is the probability that both system A and system B fail?

Answer 1

0.015 ; Common mode/cause failure (CCF).

_
Since the Propability that a common component failing is 0.015, the propability that the redundant system will fail
cannot be any less than 0.015.

Question 2

Risk impact assemssment factors would likely include:

Answer 2

Cost, schedule and functionallity

(III - 2/4)

Question 3

What risk management technique lies outside of the execution phase of the risk management process?

Answer 3

Risk Planning

III - 4

Question 4

Which of hazards would be considered as having the greatest hazard level?

Answer 4

Marginal/ frequent

Marginal severity with frequent occurence (I
III -23/30)

Question 5

Hazard analysis on heat transfer problems such as: heat absorption, combustion, electrical losses, or equipment degeneration can be solved via which specific techique?

Answer 5

Energy analysis

III - 23/26

Question 6

Which of the following standards addresses safety of machinery?

Answer 6

IEC 61310

III - 49

Question 7

What technique is preferred for investigation into product failures that are not repairable once initiated?

Answer 7

FTA

( III - 8)

Question 8

In the case of a common mode failure:

Answer 8

One event can cause single or multiple systems to fail

(III - 21)

Question 9

A form of mechanical hazard would be:

Answer 9

Pinching

III - 26

Question 10

A Failure modes and effect analysis is a method to analyze a system, subsystem, a part or a process for all potential failures modes. The failure modes will be prioritized and reduced to acceptable levels.

The best benefits for FMEA analysis comes:

Answer 10

Early in the design cycle

(III - 13/17)

Question 11

What does the Japanese concept of poka-yoke mean?

Answer 11

Mistake proofing (II - 74 und 81)

Question 12

What is the primary purpose of a failure mode, effect and criticality analysis (FMECA)

Answer 12

To dermine, by extensive analysis, the realiability of an item
(III - 13/17)

Question 13

Risk management programs are often developed to

Answer 13

Safe Recources

(III - 35)

Question 14

When considering reducing human errors using devices which of the following is considered accepted practice?

Answer 14

Green is normal condition and red is an abnormal condition

III - 56

Question 15

The descision to establish controls for product testing only during the acceptance testing step of the project is a form of risk management known as …

Answer 15

Risk acceptance or assumption

(III - 4)

Question 16

The nuclear reactor failure at Chernobyl USSR is an example of …

Answer 16

A number of common mode failures

III - 22

Question 17

What is the verification that a safety system meets the requirements of a standard?

Answer 17

Compliance

III - 42/43

Question 18

A risk anaylsis method using modeling simulations would be considered a:

Answer 18

Monte Carlo method (III - 31/32)

Question 19

A company has a problem with damage to fragile assemblies during component handling and parts storage.

Which of the following is the best way to detect the cause of this problem?

Answer 19

Perform a fault-tree analysis

III - 7/8

Question 20

A failure verified as peculiar to an item design, that will not enter to the operational
inventory is a:

Answer 20

Non-relevant failure

(III - 27/30)

Question 21

Taking out an insurance policy for medical cost is one way of risk:

Answer 21

Transference

(III - 55)

Question 22

Actions in the risk managment continous process consist of:

Answer 22

Accepting, mitigating or transferring the risk (III - 2/4)

Question 23

Risk analysis planning should:

Answer 23

Start at the risk handling phase

(III - 3 und 29/30)

Question 24

The most applicable reference on risk management can be found in:

Answer 24

ISO/FDIS 31’000

III - 5 und 49

Question 25

In what risk managment process phase would reaction modles and decision analysis fall?

Answer 25

Risk analysis | III - 4

Question 26

In the area of risk assessment, hazard severity categories are used to provide a measure of the seriousness involved. A system failure causing major environmental damage would be classified as:

Answer 26

Critical | III - 27/2

Question 27

The assessment of product development risk usually occurs during what design review phase?

Answer 27

Concept Development (III - 39)

Question 28

A piece of equipment will fail as an "or" function of three components. The components have propabilities of failure of 0.07, 0.03 and 0.12. What is the propability that the system will fail?

Answer 28

P(system failure) = 1 - (1-(P comp 1 fail)(1-(P comp 2 fail))(1-(Pccomp 3 fail)) => 0.206

Question 29

An FTA logic symbol with the letter m in the middle represents:

Answer 29

The output event if m of n input events occur

Question 30

Safety label consturction components would include which of the following

Answer 30

A Signal-word or safety message

Question 31

A propability failure likelyhood of remote is commonly reffered to as level:

Answer 31

Remote failures applies to level D (III - 19)

Question 32

In the United States the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigates accidents in aviation, highway, marine, pipeline and railroad modes. From a risk standpoint the intent of the NTSB investigations are to:

Answer 32

Determine the cause and issue safety recommendations aimed at preventig future accidents

Question 33

Using the work break down structure to simulate areas of risk is part of what risk managment processs phase?

Answer 33

Risk analysis (III - 3)

Question 34

After risks have been analyzed the next logical steps are:

Answer 34

Risk planning, tracking and control (III - 3)

Question 35

If an automotive manufacturer chooses not to participate in the development of battery operated vehicles, then they are committing what type of risk?

Answer 35

Operational | (III - &)

Question 36

The second step in the risk management continous process is:

Answer 36

Analyze | III - 3

Question 37

For a new product, potential risks have been identified and analyzed. This information should then be used to:

Answer 37

Plan, control and mitigate the risks (III - 3)

Question 38

The U.S. Federal government passed a law which took effet in 1968, requiring all vehicles, except buses to have seat belts for all seating positions. Most States now require seat belt use. This is an example of mitigation of:

Answer 38

Safety risk (III - 54/57)

Question 39

A jet airplan reported simultaneous loss of control of both the rudder and the ailerons. Assuming the airplan uses a fly-by-wire control system, this is an example of:

Answer 39

Common mode failure (III - 21/22)

Question 40

An automobile has a history of radiator leaks due to corrosion. The same car was found to have engine failure due to overheating that increased with the age of the vehicla. This is an example of:

Answer 40

Common mode failure (III - 21/22)

Question 41

The risk handling technique that seeks to eliminate an adverse risk is:

Answer 41

Avoidance (III - 4)

Question 42

What is the top priority for risk control activities?

Answer 42

Use inherently safe designs (III - 29)

Question 43

In product safe and liability the term residual risk:

Answer 43

Must be presented to the user (III - 44)

Question 44

In the risk identification process, which method is best at veryfying assumptions?

Answer 44

Assumption analysis (III - 3/4)

Question 45

Deciding to use system modules requiring new technological breakthrough components instead of widely-use standard modules is considered what potential risk?

Answer 45

Product Development (III - 6)

Question 46

One way to combat common mode failures is with:

Answer 46

The use of system component redundancy (III - 21)

Question 47

Which of the following is a risk assessment method?

Answer 47

PRAT (product reliability acceptance testing) technique (III - 32)

Question 48

Absolute liability:

Answer 48

Implies that just the occurence of an injury is evidence that the manufacturer was negligent (III - 43)

Question 49

What technique is preferred for investigation into product failures that are not repairable once initiated?

Answer 49

FRA (III - 8)

Question 50

Identify the burn hazards from the option below

Answer 50

Chemical (III - 26)

Question 51

Product safety conformance programs provide which of the following

Answer 51

A Process for designing, assembling and delivering safe products (III-40/48)

Question 52

The european Union (EU) has issued Directives for many products. For products covered by the directive ..

Answer 52

Goals are onverted to laws which must be met (III - 43)

Question 53

Who is responsible for the risk management of a project?

Answer 53

the project manager (III - 5)

Question 54

Human factors are important reliability design considerations for which of the following reasons?

Answer 54

Conditions such as lighting and heating influence performance (III-55/56 and 32)

Question 55

Household refrigerators pose a hazard to individuals, especially children, if they are trapped inside. A law passed in the united states requiring devices to permit the opening of the refrigerator from the inside falls under the jurisdiction of the:

Answer 55

Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA) 0f 1972

Question 56

A risk analysis based on the propability of occurence on a project would be considered:

Answer 56

A qualitative analysis

Question 57

The last step in the design phase would be:

Answer 57

Field test and validate the system

Question 58

When there is a bank of dials to be read on a monitoring panel, it helps to orient them in which of the following arrangements?

Answer 58

All normal indication positions in a pattern so that normal readings are in the 9 o`clock or 12 o`clock positions.

Question 59

in addition to technical and safety risks to a product, there may also be a risk due to:

Answer 59

Financial resources

Question 60

What is most required when assessing the selection of component parts?

Answer 60

What are the associated risks?

Question 61

What is the primary purpose of a failure mode, effect and criticality analysis (FMECA)

Answer 61

To determine the way an item will most likely fail and to help obtain design safeguards.

Question 62

In the riks identification process, which method is best at veryfying assumptions

Answer 62

Assumption analysis

Question 63

Uncertainty in determining risk can be affected by:

Answer 63

changes in product development requirements, variablity in the skills of project personnel and varying accuracy of measurement data

Question 64

Which of the following is typically created during product desing?

Answer 64

Safety features and product reliability

Question 65

FMEA/FMECA would be performed over FTA when:

Answer 65

The identification of all possible failure nodes is important

Question 66

What type of risk is involved when software fails to be upgraded?

Answer 66

Supportabiöity

Question 67

The risk handling technique that seeks to eliminate adverse risk is:

Answer 67

Avoidance

Question 68

When there is a bank of dials to be read on a monitoring panel, it helps to orient them in which one of the following arrangements?

Answer 68

All normals indication position in a pattern so that normal radings are in the 9 o`clock or 12 o`clock position

Question 69

Risk analysis planning should:

Answer 69

Identify associated contingency plans

Question 70

What risk management technique lies outside of the execution phase of the risk management process?

Answer 70

Risk planning