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ENVI 165 Long Exam 1 > Risk Management > Flashcards

Risk Management Flashcards

1
Q

Define

Risk Management

A

Process of identifying, evaluating, prioritizing, and choosing among policy options (IEPC)
* Identifying options, decisions, and actions based on scientific findings
* Also incorporating non-science factors

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2
Q

What are some examples of non-scientific factors that may be incorporated in risk management?

No pressure tho

A
  • economic costs & benefits
  • legal reqs & restrictions
  • administrative implementability
  • stakeholder concerns
  • political factors
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3
Q

Explain

First risk-reduction step removes 90% of the risk

A

First strategy is always the most important
* Your opportunity to reduce the most risk
* Law of Diminishing Returns
* Ex. quarantine

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4
Q

What comes into play with your first reduction step?
| 3

A
  • Stakeholders - g ba sila
  • Resources available - meron ba
  • Political will - will policy follow you? (know your congress)
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5
Q

List

Factors for Risk Management

5

A
  1. Acceptable level of risk
  2. Existing legislation
  3. Economic cost and benefits
  4. Administrative considerations
  5. Stakeholder perceptions

AESEA

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6
Q

Define & Explain

Acceptable level of risk

Factors for Risk Management

A
  • Level of risk a society is willing to accept
  • Also look at given the cost of strategy, how will it impact the risk
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7
Q

Define & Explain

Existing legislation

Factors for Risk Management

A

whether proposed policy fits in current legal framework or if a new one is required
LGUs can be accepting or not, depends

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8
Q

Define & Explain

Economic cost and benefits

Factors for Risk Management

A

Evaluating policy options on feasibility

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9
Q

Define & Explain

Administrative considerations

Factors for Risk Management

A

Certain policies are more complicated to implement

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10
Q

Define & Explain

Stakeholder perceptions

Factors for Risk Management

A
  • If pop challenges/discards policy ure fucked
  • Rapport with community is important
  • Why you need to go through LGU first when on fieldwork
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11
Q

List

Risk Management Approaches

5

A
  1. Stakeholder Engagement
  2. Risk-Based Management
  3. Intuitive Approaches
  4. Precautionary Principle
  5. Risk Perception

SIRRP

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12
Q

Explain

Stakeholder Engagement

Risk Management Approach

A
  • proactive engagement
  • to formulate q’s and build a basis for acceptable remedies
  • can lead to identification of practical approaches that can be rejected by distant experts
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13
Q

How does Stakeholder Engagment lead to identification of practical approaches?

A
  • account for overall context
  • account for possible behavior modifications
  • to identify exposure na ok lang sa community
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14
Q

How is a Stakeholder Engagement effective/ineffective?

A

[-] Takes longer because you have to consult (FGDs, identifying point persons & decision makers)
[+] you know the community is okay with, so they will probs comply

  • Sometimes, no matter what science says, if the community thinks it’s not significant, they won’t apply the strategy you made
  • Need to inform stakeholders why it may be a risk
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15
Q

What is Risk-Based Management?

A

Basing policies on known levels of risk

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16
Q

List

Known levels of risk for Risk-Based Management

3

A

De minimis levels
Bright lines
Comparable risks

17
Q

Define

De minimis levels

A

Risk levels deemed insignificant that can be ignored
* for prioritizing risks, need to filter shit out
* Ex. blue light: risk of cancer from blue light (pretty insignificant), but sleep with blue light is not de minimis
* Ex. background levels of radiation – we have more Pb in our bodies than our ancestors

18
Q

Define

Bright lines

A

Make a clear & objective standard that you should not surpass & should follow
* Ex. food and water contaminants
* check if we are within standards

19
Q

Define

Comparable risks

A

For comparing substances used for similar purposes
* make decisions based on thier use & exposure
* Ex. pesticides & pharmaceuticals have more or less the same use

20
Q

Why do we use Intuitive Approaches?

sounds kinda sus to me arent u a scientist

A

Some alternatives do not require estimations of risk levels and uncertainty bounds
ALARA is more about feasibility, best blabla is more about what tech says

21
Q

List

Intuitive Approaches

2

A
  1. ALARA
  2. Best Available Technology
22
Q

Define

ALARA

A

“As Low As Reasonably Achievable”
* Using judgements about feasibility & cost

aka tipid moment

23
Q

Define

Best Available Technology

A

Using current technology to determine risk with future follow-up on additional reductions in emissions if wanted for public health
* Ex. Water Quality Standards set in 1994 and 1995, updated in 2016 (ideally lang tho lmao)

24
Q

Explain

Precautionary Principle

A

“Do no harm.” - Hippocrates
* Strategy to manage risk shouldnt harm any population that will be affected by your strategy… ideally (lol)
* If not, you have to weigh costs & benefits

25
Q

When following the Precautionary Principle, why do we need to do risk - risk trade-offs?

A

Interventions introduce new risks while reducing others
Ex. substitution
* We know very little about substituted substance, tas it causes a different issue
* Sometimes its better to tough it out with current method until we know more about substitution
* manager should discern

26
Q

Explain

Risk Perception

Risk Management Approach

A

People have predictable reactions to different kinds of risk
* invisible/undetected exposures = ↑ fear
* Dreaded consequences are magnified
* Unfamiliar or new risks > familiar but HIGHER risks (downplayed)

27
Q

How can
* public perceptions of risk and
* acceptability of strategies

change?

A

Reinforcing & media; being persistent with actions and incentives; → big changes and behavior
* Ex. seatbelts & drunk driving

Human psychology & human anthropology
* Need to understand how popu thinks
* Ex. other people to influence their perception (Knowing someone who commutes)
* also from consequences of actions

28
Q

Explain Ozone Production

A

UV breaks oxygen molecule
free oxygen atom + oxygen molecule = ozone hooray

29
Q

Explain

Ozone Depletion

A

chloroflourocarbons (CFCs) destroys ozone thorugh UV, stays for 55-140 yrs

  1. CFC + UV breaks off 1 Cl atom
  2. Cl separates O3 → we have ClO + O2
  3. free oxygen atom hits ClO → Cl and O2
  4. may free Cl na naman, so it just keeps breaking down O3 into O2

ENVI 165 Long Exam 1 (6 decks)

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