Risk + prevention of cancer

Question 1

What cancers are not affected by being overweight?

Answer 1

Lung, bladder or melanoma

Question 2

Management of women at high risk of breast cancer?

Answer 2

Offered tamoxifen or raloxifene for 5 years

Question 3

Li Fraumeni syndrome - inheritance, gene affected, common malignancies caused

Answer 3

Autosomal dominant

Germline mutations to p53 gene

High incidence of malignancies esp. sarcomas + leukaemias

Question 4

What chromosomes are BRCA 1+ 2 carried on?

Answer 4

BRCA 1 = 17 BRCA 2 = 13

Question 5

What cancer is BRCA 2 linked with in men?

Answer 5

Prostate

Question 6

Lynch syndrome - inheritance, common malignancies caused, what criteria used to identify high risk individuals?

Answer 6

Autosomal dominant

Colonic + endometrial cancer at young age

Identify high risk individuals with Amsterdam criteria

Question 7

Gardners - inheritance, gene affected, common malignancies caused

Answer 7

Autosomal dominant

Colorectal polyposis

Also causes skull osteoma, thyroid cancer + epidermoid cysts Desmoid tumours

Mutation of APC gene on chromosome 5

Question 8

What cancers are not affected by smoking?

Answer 8

Melanoma + brain