Risk to CVD

Question 1

what are the risk factors for CVD?

Answer 1

Modifable

HBP
Physical inactivity
Diabetics
Stress
cholesterol
smoking
diet and weight

Non modifable
Age
sex
ethnicity
genes

Question 2

What are the preventions of CVD?

Answer 2

healthy diet
exercise
stop smoking
less alcohol
sleep

Question 3

when should risk assessments for CVD be taken?

Answer 3

age 40 and above - ongoing review

- Qrisk2

Question 4

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 4

disease of the blood vessels supplying to the heart muscles

Question 5

What is cerbrovascular disease?

Answer 5

disease of the blood vessels supplying to the brain

Question 6

what is Rheumatic heart disease

Answer 6

damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (a streptococcal infection)

Question 7

what is peripheral arterial disease?

Answer 7

disease of the blood vessels supplying to the arms and legs

Question 8

what is congenital heart disease

Answer 8

malformation of the heart structure existing at birth

Question 9

what is deep vein thrombosis

Answer 9

a clot which is formed in the leg veins which gets dislodged to the heart and the lungs

Question 10

what is the basic anatomy of the heart?

Answer 10

• deoxygenated blood enters via the vena cava into the right atrium
• passes through tricuspid valves into the right ventricle
• pumped through pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery
• it takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• the oxygenated blood enters via the pulmonary vein
• into the left atrium through the mitral valve into the left ventricle
• which pumps through the aortic valve into the aorta
• into the body

Question 11

what are the 3 blood vessles

Answer 11

• vein
• artery
• capillary

Question 12

state the differences between Vein, artery and capillary?

Answer 12

ARTERY              VEIN.              CAPILLARY 
- lumen              - lumen 
-medial layer consisting
of smooth muscle cells 
-covered by adventitia
(connecting tissues and 
nerves) 
-Thicker            -Thinner 
walls                   walls 
-h Pressure      -low 
systems            pressure

Question 12

state the differences between Vein, artery and capillary?

Answer 12

ARTERY VEIN. CAPILLARY
- lumen - lumen -single layer
-medial layer consisting. endothelial
of smooth muscle cells cells
-covered by adventitia. -consists of nucleus
(connecting tissues and of endothelial cells
nerves)
-Thicker -Thinner
walls walls
-h Pressure -low
systems pressure
system

Question 13

Age and progression of vascular disease

Answer 13

Plaque tends to grow with HBP and cholesterol
it can increase with age aswell
plaque restricts the blood flow to the heart/organs

Healthy - Normal
Fatty streak -Normal
plaque -High blood pressure and cholesterol
obstructive plaque with core - chest pain + above
ruptured plaque -angiogram/abnormal ECG - heart attack + above
thrombus - heart attack + above