River Landscapes In The UK P1

Question 1

What is the long profile of the river

Answer 1

The gradient of a river from its source to its mouth

Question 2

What are the gradients like at the upper, middle and lower course of a river

Answer 2

Steep
Gentle
Very gentle

Question 3

What is the cross profile of a river

Answer 3

The side by side cross section of a rivers channel or valley

Question 4

What are the physical characteristics of the upper course of a river

Answer 4

Steep side
V-shaped valley
Interlocking spurs
Waterfalls

Question 5

What causes the physical characteristics of the upper course of a river

Answer 5

The high potential energy flowing at a fast rate which drives erosion

Question 6

What are the physical characteristics of the middle course of a river

Answer 6

Deep
Wide
Tributaries

Question 7

What causes the physical characteristics at the middle course of a river

Answer 7

More energy and volume than the upper course with a gentler gradient causing lateral erosion

Question 8

What are the physical characteristics of the lower course of a river

Answer 8

Deep
Wide
Lots of water
Flat

Question 9

What causes the physical characteristics of the lower course of the river

Answer 9

The river slows down as it flows across flatter land into the sea

Question 10

What is erosion

Answer 10

Wearing away and removal of material by a moving force such as a breaking wave

Question 11

What is hydraulic action

Answer 11

Power of the water eroding the bed and banks of a river

Question 12

What is abrasion

Answer 12

Rocks carried along a river wear down the river bed and banks

Question 13

What is attrition

Answer 13

Rocks being carried by the river smash together and break into smaller smoother rounder particles

Question 14

What is solution

Answer 14

When the river flows over limestone or chalk the rock is slowly dissolved because it is soluble in a mildly acidic water

Question 15

What is vertical erosion

Answer 15

Downwards

Question 16

What is lateral erosion

Answer 16

Sideways

Question 17

What is transportation

Answer 17

Movement of eroded material

Question 18

What is traction

Answer 18

Where material is rolled along a river bed

Question 19

What is saltation

Answer 19

Hopping movement of pebbles along a river bed

Question 20

What is suspension

Answer 20

Small particles carried in river flow

Question 21

What is solution

Answer 21

Chemical erosion caused by the dissolving of rocks and materials by river

Question 22

What is deposition

Answer 22

Occurs when material being transported by the sea is dropped due to the sea losing energy

Question 23

When does a river deposit sediment

Answer 23

When the velocity of the water decreases

Question 24

Where can deposition occur

Answer 24

Meanders
Oxbow lakes
Levees
Estuary
Flood plains

Question 25

What characteristics do interlocking spurs have

Answer 25

-steep gradient -convex slopes -projected from alternate sides of a valley

Question 26

How do interlocking spurs form

Answer 26

If there are areas of hard rock these are harder to erode, the river will bend around them and erode through soft rock

Question 27

What are the characteristics of a waterfall

Answer 27

-hard rock -soft rock -plunge pool

Question 28

How does a water fall form