Rivers

Question 1

name two types of erosion

Answer 1

intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 2

how many meters does it have to be a classified as an upland area

Answer 2

around 200 m and 500m

Question 3

name the rivers in the UK

Answer 3

River Severn 220m

River Thames 215m

Question 4

two types of river transportation

Answer 4

Suspension - Saltation

Question 5

Saltation

Answer 5

small pebbles and stones are bounced along the river bed.

Question 6

Traction

Answer 6

large boulders and rocks are rolled along the river bed.

Question 7

Suspension

Answer 7

fine light material is carried along in the water

Question 8

the processes of a waterfall ( 6 marker )

Answer 8

waterfalls flows over a hard rock, there is a softer layer of rock that erodes ( by hydraulic action and abrasion)
this creates a “step” as the water goes, the step erodes more of the softer rock, a steep drops and eventually creates waterfall

Question 9

where would you find a meander

Answer 9

middle lower course

Question 10

State one reason why a river might deposit its load.

Answer 10

• Loss of river velocity, causing it to deposit its load due to a loss of energy.

Question 11

What feature forms on the outside of a meander

Answer 11

river cliff

Question 12

Describe the shape of the long profile of a river in

the upper and lower course

Answer 12

• Upper course river features include steep-sided V-shaped valleys
• Lower course river features include wide flat-bottomed valleys

Question 13

Explain the formation of an oxbow lake

Answer 13

a river stands on a flatter land, it swings from side to side, forming winding bends called meanders. This causes the meanders to grow bigger and bigger over time. Eventually the river may take a short cut, cutting across the narrow neck of the loop, leaving a separated U-shaped lake known as an oxbow.

Question 14

Name one upland area in the UK

Answer 14

The Northwest Highlands in Scotland

Question 15

Name one change to a river as you move downstream

Answer 15

vertical erosion

Question 16

Define lowland area.

Answer 16

Lowland areas are not very high above sea level. They are often flat. The shape of the landscape is largely determined by: glaciation. rivers.

Question 17

two landforms you would find in the

lower course of a river

Answer 17

• The Mississippi Delta

- Cuspate - the land around the mouth of the river

Question 18

the formation of a levee

Answer 18

Levees are formed by the repeated flooding of the river. When the river floods, the biggest, most coarse material will be dumped close to the river banks. This will continue to build up the levee over time.

Question 19

Name one physical factor that can effect a hydrograph

Answer 19

Heavy Storms

Lengthy rainfall

Question 20

What type of transportation rolls large boulders at high velocity

Answer 20

Traction - large boulders and rocks are rolled along the river bed

Question 21

What type of erosion involves the sediment colliding together and breaking into smaller particles

Answer 21

Attrition is the collision between sediment particles that break into smaller and more rounded pebbles.

Question 22

two human factors that affect a hydrograph

Answer 22

Area that have been urbanised result in an in crease in the use of impermeable building materials.

Question 23

how does river erode

Answer 23

six marker

Question 24

What is an example of a river and its landforms

Answer 24

V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs, rapids, waterfalls and gorges.

Question 25

Define soft engineering

Answer 25

Soft engineering is where the natural environment is used to help reduce coastal erosion and river flooding

Question 26

List two ways a river can be managed using soft | engineering

Answer 26

Floodplain zoning Planting trees River restoration

Question 27

Explain using an example how a river can be managed using hard engineering

Answer 27

Hard engineering can involve raising the height of river banks by installing flood walls, bunds and levees which attempt to fix the river in place, stopping the natural process of the river overtopping and flowing onto the floodplain

Question 28

State one way a river can be managed via hard engineering

Answer 28

Straightening the river speeds up the water

Question 29

List one economic effect of flooding

Answer 29

damage to homes, businesses, agriculture and transport networks,

Question 30

Name one cause of a flood

Answer 30

Heavy rainfall

Question 31

What happens to the velocity of a river as you move downstream

Answer 31

Velocity increases as more water is added to rivers via tributary rivers.

Question 32

List two features of a hydrograph

Answer 32

;

Question 33

the economic effects of flooding 6 marker

Answer 33

Floods can cause damage to homes and damaging buildings, however, flooding can also have positive impacts on an area. Flooding deposits fine silt onto the floodplain, making it very fertile and excellent for agriculture. this can help the more poor