Rivers

Question 1

Precipitation

Answer 1

Water falling from the clouds. eg - rain, hail, snow.

Question 2

Evaporation

Answer 2

the water from the ocean turns into a gas and goes up into the air.

Question 3

Condensation

Answer 3

The gas turns back into water as a small droplet which form a white, grey or black cloud.

Question 4

Surface runoff

Answer 4

When the rain, snow or hail runs down back into the source of water.

Question 5

Ground water

Answer 5

The rain, snow or hail is absorbed by plants and goes through the ground back to the source of water.

Question 6

Transpiration

Answer 6

When water is taken from plants during evaporation.

Question 7

Stage 1 of water fall

Answer 7

1. Hard and soft rock

Question 8

River process (4 processes)
Erosion

Answer 8

1. Hydraulic action (force to move the rocks)
2. Abrasion (Sandpaper across the bed and banks of the river)
3. Attrition (2 rocks collide into pebbles)
4. Dissolve (turns into solution and joins the river flow).

Question 9

Traction (transport)

Answer 9

When the bolder (rocks) roll across the bed or the river and hit against each other.

Question 10

Salutation (transport)

Answer 10

The Rocks/pebbles bounce across the river and collide.

Question 11

Suspension (transport)

Answer 11

The tiny rocks float along the river.

Question 12

Solution (transport)

Answer 12

The rocks dissolve and become minerals in the river.

Question 13

Drainage basin

Answer 13

The area where rain falls into.

Question 14

Source

Answer 14

Where the water comes from.

Question 15

Tributaries

Answer 15

The break off from the channel.

Question 16

Confluence

Answer 16

The merge between two rives in one river.

Question 17

Mouth

Answer 17

Where the river ends to the sea.

Question 18

Stage 2 of waterfall

Answer 18

2. Soft rock erodes

Question 19

Stage 3 of waterfall

Answer 19

3. Notch develops

Question 20

Stage 4 of waterfall

Answer 20

4. Erosion (hydraulic action/abrasion

Question 21

Stage 5 of waterfall

Answer 21

5. Plunge pool

Question 22

Stage 6 of waterfall

Answer 22

6. No support for the hard rock

Question 23

Stage 7 of waterfall

Answer 23

7. Hard rock collapses

Question 24

Stage 8 of waterfall

Answer 24

8. The process repeats

Question 25

Stage 9 of waterfall

Answer 25

9. Gorge in formed.

Question 26

Meanders

Answer 26

The river isn't straight but curved along

Question 27

Fast water where? | Meander

Answer 27

Water flows fast on the outer band of the river

Question 28

Slow water where? | Meander

Answer 28

Water flows fast on the inner band of the river

Question 29

Where will the bank erode? (Meander)

Answer 29

The outer bank will erode and get worn away

Question 30

What shape does the meander turn into over time?

Answer 30

A loop shape

Question 31

What is an oxbow lake?

Answer 31

A lake that makes a loop then restarts the process (the continuation of a meander

Question 32

Stage 1 of an oxbow l

Answer 32

The meander starts to bend as the water erodes faster on the outside.

Question 33

Stage 2 of an oxbow l

Answer 33

As the erosion happens on the outer part of the river, the inner part collects deposited materials.

Question 34

Stage 3 of an oxbow l

Answer 34

The erosion becomes a meander.

Question 35

Stage 4 of an oxbow l

Answer 35

The meander erodes more and becomes a tight loop.

Question 36

Stage 5 of an oxbow l

Answer 36

The meander become a full loop.

Question 37

Stage 6 of an oxbow l

Answer 37

The river will have enough power to skip the oxbow and go straight through.

Question 38

Stage 7 of an oxbow l

Answer 38

The river keeps going to its new channel, so the loop is left as an oxbow lake.

Question 39

Stage 8 of an oxbow l

Answer 39

After a long time, the oxbow lake will dry out and plants will grow in it leaving a meander scar.

Question 40

Why do river floor?

Answer 40

Deforestation, climate change, precipitation, urbanization

Question 41

Deforestation (Floods)

Answer 41

No interception = the trees don't get waster so it will just go straight to the river. This increases the chance of flooding as the water level will rise. Human cause

Question 42

What of the definition of intercept

Answer 42

Intercept is when the trees stop the water from going straight to the river as they will absorb some of the water.

Question 43

Urbanization (Floods)

Answer 43

Urbanization is when towns/cities are built. they have drainage and sewers that lead straight to rivers, increasing the chance of flooding. human cause.

Question 44

What is hard engineering?

Answer 44

When something expensive is man made.

Question 45

What is soft engineering?

Answer 45

When you use cheaper natural things.

Question 46

Hard engineering examples (4)

Answer 46

1. Dams 2. Storage areas 3. Deepen meanders 4. Embankments

Question 47

Soft engineering examples (3)

Answer 47

1. Wash lands 2. Afforestation 3. land-use zoning

Question 48

Embankments definition

Answer 48

These raise the river banks making the river deeper/taller.

Question 49

Dams definition

Answer 49

These help to hold water as storage to reduce the amount of water and people have control over it.

Question 50

Wash land definition

Answer 50

This is when no one lives there and it's just a place of nature and its allowed to flood. People cannot live or build there.

Question 51

Afforestation

Answer 51

This is when we plant more trees for interception.