Rivers/Oceans

Question 1

Stream

Answer 1

Any body of water that flows through a channel or trough

Question 2

Braided Streams

Answer 2

Form when there is more sediment than the stream can carry
-carries course sediment during flooding events but cannot carry the load during normal flow which chokes the channel

*Gravel sediment doesnt stick together so stream divides and interweaves like a brain instead of forming a single channel

Question 3

Mountain Streams

Answer 3

coarser sediment and river has a steeper gradient

Question 4

Meandering Streams

Answer 4

Exist where stream gradient (slope) is gentle -flat/almost flat planes

Question 5

Landforms along meandering stream?

Answer 5

1.) Levees
2.) Point-Bars
3.) Flood plains
4.) Cut-Banks

Question 6

Continental Margins

Answer 6

No tectonic activity, boarders continental shelf

Question 7

Active Margins

Answer 7

Tectonically active, trenches, thin shelf
North American Margins
Active=West coat
Passive=East coast

Question 8

Passive Margins

Answer 8

Shelf-Thinned continental crust overlain by sediment
slope-transition ocean->crust
Rise-Sediment accumulation @ edge of slope

Question 9

Coriolis Effect

Answer 9

NH: deflects moving air and water right (east)
SH: deflects moving air and water left (west)

Question 10

Atmospheric Cells

Answer 10

Polar Cells: Poles
Hadley Cells: Equator
Ferrell: mid-latitude cells

Question 11

(two types)

Climate Belts

Answer 11

1.) Tropical-Low pressure, high precipitation, heat
2.) Subtropical desert-> 30 degrees N & S latitude : Dry Air (where deserts exist)

Question 12

Global Wind Patterns

Answer 12

Atmospheric circulation + Earth’s Rotation (Coriolis Effect )

Question 13

Surface Currents

Answer 13

form due to movement of wind over the oceans
Generated by:
1.) Ekman Transport
-Coriolis Effect causes net flow to be perpendicular to wind direction

Question 14

Ocean Gyres

Answer 14

Mound of water surrounded by circular currents

Question 15

Sub-Tropical Gyres

Answer 15

redistribute heat from equator towards the poles.
-lead to upwelling of cold, nutrient rich water along CA coast
-Surface currents impact upper 100-200 m of the oceans

Question 16

Western -Boundary Currents

Answer 16

Gyre-mounds build up on west side of ocean basins due to
1.) Earths Rotation
2.) Convergence of Trade winds along equator.

=strong, focused western boundary currents

Question 17

El Nino

Answer 17

Weakens trade winds which causes warm waters from western pacific to move into Eastern Pacific -> decreases cold upwelling

*Reverses trade winds:
(normally E-> W)

3-8 yr cycle

Question 18

Thermohaline Circulation

Answer 18

driven by water temp and salinity
-shallow currents=warm, lower salinity
-deep currents=cold, high salinity

100-1000yr for full cycle

Question 19

Trade-winds

Answer 19

E-> W

Question 20

Westerlies

Answer 20

W->E

Question 21

Tides

Answer 21

2 high tides, 2 low tides per day

Question 22

Spring Tides

Answer 22

max diff between low and high tides

Question 23

Neap Tides

Answer 23

min diff between low and high tides

Question 24

(T/F) Spring and Neap Tides occur during a full Moon

Answer 24

True

Question 25

CA water supply

Answer 25

60% from surface flow (rain and snow) 40% from groundwater (pumped out faster than its being replenished) -causes subsistence: land drops due to water being pumped out

Question 26

Redistribution of Water in CA

Answer 26

1.) Central Valley Projects -SoCal -Bay (lesser extent) 2.) Hetch Hetchy Water Systems -SF 3.) LA Aqueduct -LA 4.) Mokelumne Aqueduct -East Bay 5.) Colorado River Aqueduct -LA -San Diego

Question 27

Santa Barbara Water Supply

Answer 27

1.) Cachuma reservoir -tunnels through Santa Ynex Mts 2.) Ground water and desalination