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Rivers Terminology Flashcards

(23 cards)

1
Q

Attrition

A

Load crashing into each other in a river – normally suspended load

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2
Q

River Bank

A

Sides of the river channel. A river has two banks

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3
Q

River Bed

A

Bottom of the river channel

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4
Q

Channel

A

Route course (between bed and banks) that a river flows. The flow of the river is often described as channel flow

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5
Q

Confluence

A

Where two rivers join/meet

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6
Q

Abrasion

A

Process of a rivers’ load crashing and rubbing into a rivers’ banks and bed causing pieces to break off

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7
Q

Corrosion

A

Process of water dissolving a rivers’ load as well as its bed and banks

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8
Q

Discharge

A

The amount of water being carried by a river. Discharge is measured as cubic metres per second (cumecs) - calculate discharge by using the formula discharge = cross-section x velocity

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9
Q

Drainage basin

A

Area of land that drains into one river and its tributaries. A drainage basin is known as an open system because water can be added and lost.

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10
Q

Erosion

A

Process of wearing something away e.g. a river on its banks.

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11
Q

Estuary

A

Section of the river near the mouth that is tidal

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12
Q

Hydraulic action

A

Water and air forced into cracks in a rivers banks and bed causing erosion through increased pressure

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13
Q

Mouth

A

End of the river, this is normally where a river enters the sea, but it can be where it enters a lake

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14
Q

Saltation

A

Process of load bouncing a long a river bed

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15
Q

Solution

A

Process of dissolved pieces of material being transported in a solution

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16
Q

Source

A

Start of the river, normally found in mountainous areas

17
Q

Thalweg

A

Fastest part of the river - always near the middle of the river channel, where there is least friction

18
Q

Traction

A

Process of large pieces of load rolling along a river bed

19
Q

Transportation

A

River can transport load when it has excess energy – 4 main ways; traction, saltation, solution and suspension

20
Q

Tributary

A

Small river that flows into a bigger river

21
Q

Watershed

A

Dividing line between two drainage basins.

22
Q

Suspension

A

Small particles are carried along in the water. This could make the water look cloudy or muddy.

23
Q

Deposition

A

Occurs when river drops off material due to lack of energy.