Rizal & His Times Flashcards
(39 cards)
Rizal’s Birth
June 19, 1861
What are the Problems encountered by Filipinos under the Spanish Government?
Instability of Colonial Administration
Corrupt Colonial Officials
Philippine Representation in Spanish Cortes
Human Rights to Filipinos
No Equality Before the Law
Maladministration of Justice
Racial Discrimination
Frailocracy
Forced Labor
Haciendas Owned by the Friars
The Guardia Civil
Who is the King marked the beginning of political chaos in Spain. From 1835-1897, the Philippines was ruled by 50 governors-general, each serving an average term of only one year and three months.
King Ferdinand VII
From 1835-1897, the Philippines was ruled by _______________, each
serving an average term of only one year and three months.
50 governors-general
Spanish colonial officials were of the same evil bred of men as the corrupt and degenerate governor-general mentioned above.
Corrupt Colonial Officials
A boastful ad ruthless governor general who ordered the execution of Father Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora “Martyrs of 1872”
General Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-73)
He was a good Moro Fighter, but was an inept and weak administrator.
Admiral Jose Malcampo (1874-77)
Governor General for two terms enriched himself by accepting bribes from gambling casinos in Manila which he scandalously permitted to operate
General Fernando Primo de Rivera (1880-83 & 1897-98)
A cruel and corrupt governor-general of Hispanic-German ancestry, arrived in Manila a poor man and returned to Spain millionaire
General Valriano Weyler (1888-91)
The Filipinos scornfully called him a “tyrant”. An able militarist but heartless governor general, was widely detested by the Filipino people for executing Dr. Rizal.
General Camilo de Polavieja (1896-97)
The Philippines was granted representation by Spain to win the support of the overseas colonies during the Napoleonic invasion
Spanish Cortes
The Philippines’s first period of representation in the Cortes
1810 to 1813
Spain’s first democratic constitution
Extended to Philippines
Constitution of 1812
*First Philippine delegate who took active part in framing of the Constitution of 1812 (one of the 184 signers)
*abolition of the galleon trade
*1820-1823 - the Philippines’s second period of representation
*1834-1837 - the Philippines’s third period of representation
*both were less fruitful than the first period of representational the Philippine delegates were not as energetic and devoted in parliamentary work as De los Reyes
Ventura de los Reyes(1810-13)
*One of the Filipino patriots who valiantly pleaded for the restoration of the Philippine representation in the Cortes
*On October 12, 1883 during the 391st anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus in Madrid he implored:
Graciano Lopez Jaena
*What were the two countries granted representation in 1876
*Until the end of Spanish rule in 1898, the Philippine representation was never restored
Cuba and Puerto Rico
Spanish Constitution of 1812, the people of spain enjoyed
*Freedoom of Speech
*Freedoom of Press
*Freedoom of Association
*Other human rights (except freedom of religion)
Human Rights Denied to Filipinos
*Spanish economist and diplomat
*Acknowledge the lack of freedom of Filipinos
*“Why do we fall into an anomaly, such as combining our claim for liberty for ourselves, and or wish to impose our law to remote people? Why do we deny to others the benefit which we desire for our fatherland?
Sinibaldo de Mas
*Spanish missionaries taught all are children of God regardless of color & race
*Most Filipinos are mesmerized by the concept of Christians
*Luzon and Visayas hinterlands, Mindanao, Sulu
No Equality Before the Law
*Promoted by Christian monarchs of Spain
*Protection rights and promotion of welfare;
*Good colonial laws; Christian charity and justice =/ distant colonies; Philippines
*Abused, brutalized, persecuted and slandered
*Law is only for Spaniards
Leyes De Indias (Law of the Indies)
*Enforced in the Philippines
*Heavier for Filipinos or Mestizos =/ white complexioned Spaniards
*Legal inequality resented by Filipinos
*Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt to Dr. Rizal; 1887
*“The provision of the Penal Code that a heavier penalty will be imposed on the Indio or mestizo irritates me exceedingly, because it signifies that every person not born white is in fact, latent criminal. This is a very great injustice that seems enormous and unjust for being embodied in law.”
Spanish Penal Code
The actions of a government body which can be seen as causing an injustice. The definition of ________ is wide and can include: delay, incorrect action or failure to take any action.
Maladministration
Arrested and jailed in Cavite for 12 years due to the suspicion that he killed two men on June 7, 1886 without preliminary investigation and proper trial. After the Battle of Manila Bay (May 1, 1898), the Americans found him on his jail.
Juan de la Cruz
Rizal’s Mother was unjustly arrested and jailed on flimy ground
Dona Teodora
