RLD - Neuromuscular & Musculoskeletal Condition Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is spinal cord injury?
Damage or interruption of neurologic pathways because of trauma or some pathological process
What does cervical injuries lead to?
expiratory muscle paralysis or weakness
= poor cough will result weakness of inspiration muscles
Weak inspiration muscles = hypoventilation
What is the goal of spinal cord injury?
Improving breathing efforts by reducing work breathing to keep airways open and clear of secretions
How do PTs assist with SCI patients?
need with airway clearance with high-freq chest wall osicillation vest
= considered for patients as well as machines
Clinical manifestations of spinal cord injury
Chart with findings
What is the respiratory involvement will depend on level of SCI?
C1-2 = unable to breathe on their own
C3-4 = impaired ventilation due to diaphragm paralysis
C5-8 = retain diaphragm but accessory muscles are affected
What is diaphragmatic paralysis of the top?
IDK what it means “top”
paradoxical breathing when the diaphragm is strong
BUT the accessory muscles are absent
What is diaphragmatic paralysis of the bottom?
Paradoxical breathing during paralysis of the diaphragm
What is the cause of loss of impairment of the diaphragm?
Lesion in the neurological or muscular system because of the phrenic nerve
What does diaphragmatic paralysis lead to?
diaphragm being pulled upward and anterior ribs pulled inward = hypoventilation
What is the treatment of diaphragmatic paralysis?
Unilateral or bilateral
Unilateral = usually no treatment
bilateral = requires a level of mechanical ventilation
What is the clinical manifestation of the diaphragm?
What is the effects of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
- reduced function
- RR reduced with weakness of ventilation muscles
- secretions or infiltrates results with poor airway clearance
- decreased breath sounds
- report dyspnea with mild exertion
- easily fatigue
- poor activity endurance
What is the effects of poliomyelitis?
- reduced lung volumes
- diminished lung sounds (rhonchi)
- weak cough
- anxious
- poor airway clearance
- dyspnea
- easily fatigue
- poor activity endurace
What are the effects of Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
- reduced lung volumes
- dimished breath sounds
- B LE weakness
- Dyspnea
- Anxious
- poor cough and poor airway clearance
- reduced endurance and increased fatigue
- poor activity endurance
What is myasthenia gravis?
Chronic neuromuscular disease by progressive muscular weakness on exertion
Autoimmune disease
What are the pulmonary sx of myasthenia gravis?
- all lung volumes are reduced
- diminished breath sounds
- poor airway clearance of secretions will hear adventitious sounds
- weakness and fatigue
- dyspnea
- weak
- ineffective cough
What is ankylosing spondylitis?
Chronic inflammatory disease of the spine = immobility of SI and vertebral joints
- ossification of paravertebral ligaments
- inherited arthritic condition
What is the pulmonary effects of ankylosing spondylitis?
Markedly decreased compliance of chest wall
What is the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis?
no cure but keep body alignment and thoracic mobility
What is the signs and sx of ankylosing spondylitis?
What is kyphosis or scoliosis?
the combination of excessive antero-posterior and lateral curve of the T-spine
Idiopathic in 85% of cases
When is pulmonary sx seen with kyphosis or scoliosis
significant curve needs to be seen for sx
- < 70 deg = no pulmonary dysfunction
- 70-120 = some dysfunction
- > 120 = severe RLD and failure
What are the clinical manifestations of kyphoscoliosis?
