RM- sampling/hypothesis/ethics/peerreview

Question 1

target population vs sample

Answer 1

-target population= group of people who share characteristics which the researcher is experimenting with
-sample is a portion of the target population

Question 2

sampling

Answer 2

ways to pick a sample from the target population to select a sample which is most representative to the target population

Question 3

5 types of sampling

Answer 3

-opportunity
-random
-systematic
-stratified
-volunteer

Question 4

opportunity sampling

Answer 4

using people who are most easily accessible and available

Question 5

random sampling

Answer 5

-computer randomly generates who will pp
-names picked out of a hat
-researcher needs contact with everyone in the target population

Question 6

systematic sampling

Answer 6

putting target population into an order (e.g. alphabetical) and picking every nth person

Question 7

stratified sampling

Answer 7

where you divide the target population into sub-groups (strata) which all have a useful characteristic in common, before splitting these groups into a group of pps

Question 8

volunteer sampling

Answer 8

-self selected sampling
-pp will put themself forward from a advert from researcher

Question 9

null hypothesis

Answer 9

states there would be no difference/correlation

Question 10

experimental vs alternative hypothesis

Answer 10

-experimental= when an experimental method has been carried out and IV and DV are present
-alternative= when no IV and DV are present (correlations, observations, self report studies)

Question 11

directional vs non

Answer 11

-directional= predicts results, used when there is lots of previous research
-non= less specific, little existing research

Question 12

6 ethical guidelines

Answer 12

-consent
-deception
-protection from harm
-withdrawal
-debrief
-confidentiality
(CAN DO CANT DO WITH PPS)

Question 13

measures of central tendency

Answer 13

mean, median, mode

Question 14

measures of dispersion

Answer 14

range, standard deviation

Question 15

levels of measurement

Answer 15

nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio

Question 16

nominal

Answer 16

counting frequency, does not tell us much about data, just its quantity (yes or no)

Question 17

ordinal

Answer 17

data is ranked

Question 18

interval/ratio

Answer 18

measure by the time, weight, height etc, data that can be ordered

Question 19

how do to the sign test

Answer 19

-use plus or minus after subtracting the two values on the table
-S= less frequent sign (plus or minus)
-non direction is two tailed, directional is one tailed then use significance level (usually 0.05, 0.5)
-critical value= number in the table which corresponds with one-two tailed, 0.05 and no. of pps (subtract any which resulted in 0)
-S must be equal to or less than critical value to be significant
-if significant, accept experimental hypothesis and reject null, if not significant its the opposite