rms

Question 1

survey

Answer 1

the collection of information through a sample of people and their responses.

Question 2

survey +

Answer 2

1. can be completed anonymously - valid
2. easy to distribute - reliable

Question 3

survey -

Answer 3

1. social desirability issues may arise - less valid
2. if misunderstood, no clarification - less valid

Question 4

interviews

Answer 4

involves and interviewer interacting directly with an individual to obtain information about them and analysed to make conclusions.

Question 5

unstructured interviews + -

Answer 5

+ - provide rich and details information - valid
- - social desirable issues - less valid

Question 6

structured interviews + -

Answer 6

+ - fixed set of closed questions - reliable
- - lack of detail - less valid

Question 7

focus groups

Answer 7

interviewing a group of individuals at the same time

Question 8

focus groups +

Answer 8

1. gain detailed information - valid
2. can seek clarification if unsure - valid

Question 9

focus groups -

Answer 9

1. can be disagreements and irrelevant discussion in the group - less valid
2. can be difficult to analyse (qualitative data) - less reliable

Question 10

case studies

Answer 10

a real example explored in detail, relevant to the issues being researched

Question 11

case studies +

Answer 11

1. provides detailed information - valid
2. more appropriate to use to investigate sensitive or unethical issues (build a trusting relationship) - valid

Question 12

case studies -

Answer 12

1. difficult to replicate as over a long period of time - less reliable
2. could be researched bias as they will spend a lot of time with the participants- less valid

Question 13

observation

Answer 13

includes observing the behaviour of individuals as well as physical objects e.g. MRI scans

Question 14

controlled observation (lab experiment) +

Answer 14

1. researcher has high control over the study, easier to establish cause and effect - valid
2. carries out in a controlled setting - reliable

Question 15

controlled observation (lab experiment) -

Answer 15

1. behaviour may not be realistic as ppts are in an artificial environment - less valid
2. ppts know they are being observed so may change behaviour - less valid

Question 16

natural observation +

Answer 16

1. more likely to behave in realistic/genuine way - valid
2. useful research situations where intervention would be unethical or sensitive - valid

Question 17

natural observation -

Answer 17

1. if observers are identified being watched they may change behaviour - less valid
2. other variable are harder to control - less reliable

Question 18

correlation

Answer 18

a measure of the extent to which two co-variables are related

Question 19

correlation +

Answer 19

1. can be used to research topics that are sensitive to research using lab experiments (bc they at naturally occurring).
2. allows researches to identify a link - valid

Question 20

correlation -

Answer 20

1. no cause and effect can be established , not certain that one variable definitely caused the effect of another - less valid
2. results can be misused by the media - less valid

Question 21

longitudinal studies

Answer 21

when data is gathered on the same subject repeatedly over a period of time

Question 22

longitudinal studies +

Answer 22

1. good for establish trends - can clearly see what is happening in society - valid
2. reduce biases of in accurate recall - valid

Question 23

longitudinal studies -

Answer 23

1. takes a long time and is costly - less reliable
2. as it takes a long time ppts may drop out or leave study - less valid

Question 24

scientific experiments

Answer 24

research that takes place in a laboratory conditions and clinical settings.
two variables are tested independent variable (the cause) and dependent variable (the effect).

Question 25

scientific experiments +

Answer 25

1. easier to replicate - reliable
2. can control variables - reliable

Question 26

scientific experiments -

Answer 26

1. artificial setting so may or dies unnatural behaviour and not reflect real life - less valid
2. demand characteristics may bias the results - less valid